Supervisión bancaria internacional: una doble visión BIS y EBA

Esta publicación se ha editado con el permiso de los Titulares de los Derechos. Septiembre de 201

Critical analysis of stress tests in the year 2011

Stress Tests are conducted by national supervisors as well as by the European Banking Authority (EBA). This paper aims to make a critical analysis of the latest edition of the stress tests published on 15th July 2011. To achieve this objective, we have also established a secondary aim: to examine the financial and patrimonial situation of some of the European and Spanish banks in the period 2010-2012, taking into account the relevant EBA index. From the historical data available, we can conclude that the aggregate Net Equity of the example we analysed, from 2010, including the recapitalization estimated by the EBA, reached a level of Net Equity/Assets, not even reached by the equivalent figures for 1985 (without recapitalization). Considering that Net Equity constitutes a safety zone for creditors in general, it can be stated that this basic criterion of solvency has deteriorate

Germination of spores and gametophytes of "Polystichum montevidense" (Spreng.) Rosenst. ("Dryopteridaceae")

Se presentan características sobre la germinación de las esporas, el desarrollo gametofítico y la estructura de los gametofitos adultos de Polystichum montevidense (Spreng.) Rosenst. obtenidos mediante cultivos estériles. Se encuentra que los esporangios originan 32 esporas monoletes con perisporio crestado. La germinación es de tipo Vittaria y se produce a los tres días después de la siembra. El desarrollo de los gametofitos corresponde al tipo Aspidium. Los gametofitos laminares producen un solo tipo de tricomas glandulares con secreción de naturaleza lipídica, distribuidos sobre el margen de la lámina y unos pocos sobre la superficie. Se cita por primera vez la presencia de gotas de aceite en las células de los gametofitos adultos. La expresión sexual se manifiesta en gametofitos de más de 100 días de edad, originándose solamente gametofitos femeninos. Se ilustra con fotografías obtenidas con microscopios de luz y microscopio electrónico de barrido.A description is made of characteristics of the germination of spores, gametophytic development and adult gametophyte structure of Polystichum montevidense (Spreng.) Rosenst. obtained by sterile culture. It was found that sporangia produce 32 monolete spores with crested perispore. The germination of Vittaria-type spores occurs three days after sowing. Gametophyte development is of the Aspidium type. The laminar gametophytes have only one type of glandular trichomes, with secretion of trichomes has a lipid nature, distributed on the edge of the lamina and a few on the surface. It is reported for the first time that adult gametophyte cells have oil droplets. Sexual expression is manifested in gametophytes of more than 100 days old, with only female gametophytes. All this is illustrated with pictures recorded with light microscopes and a scanning electron microscope

Revisiting the nonequilibrium phase transition of the triplet-creation model

The nonequilibrium phase transition in the triplet-creation model is investigated using critical spreading and the conservative diffusive contact process. The results support the claim that at high enough diffusion the phase transition becomes discontinuous. As the diffusion probability increases the critical exponents change continuously from the ordinary directed percolation (DP) class to the compact directed percolation (CDP). The fractal dimension of the critical cluster, however, switches abruptly between those two universality classes. Strong crossover effects in both methods make it difficult, if not impossible, to establish the exact location of the tricritical point.Comment: 7 pages, 12 figure

Diffusive epidemic process: theory and simulation

We study the continuous absorbing-state phase transition in the one-dimensional diffusive epidemic process via mean-field theory and Monte Carlo simulation. In this model, particles of two species (A and B) hop on a lattice and undergo reactions B -> A and A + B -> 2B; the total particle number is conserved. We formulate the model as a continuous-time Markov process described by a master equation. A phase transition between the (absorbing) B-free state and an active state is observed as the parameters (reaction and diffusion rates, and total particle density) are varied. Mean-field theory reveals a surprising, nonmonotonic dependence of the critical recovery rate on the diffusion rate of B particles. A computational realization of the process that is faithful to the transition rates defining the model is devised, allowing for direct comparison with theory. Using the quasi-stationary simulation method we determine the order parameter and the survival time in systems of up to 4000 sites. Due to strong finite-size effects, the results converge only for large system sizes. We find no evidence for a discontinuous transition. Our results are consistent with the existence of three distinct universality classes, depending on whether A particles diffusive more rapidly, less rapidly, or at the same rate as B particles.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figure

Análise de metilxantinas em dezesseis progênies de erva mate extraídas por dióxido de carbono supercrítico.

A Ilex paraguariensis apresenta grande potencial de utilização pela diversidade de seus compostos químicos. Dentre os principais grupos de compostos presentes em erva mate citam-se as metilxantinas, com predominância de cafeína, teobromina e traços de teofilina. Na quantificação convencional destes compostos utiliza-se extração com solvente orgânico que expressa o conteúdo total de cafeína presente na amostra. Como forma alternativa de obtenção das metilxantinas pode-se utilizar a extração por fluído supercrítico (EFSC). Esta extração caracteriza-se pela obtenção de produtos de elevada qualidade, sem as inconveniências de resíduos de solventes e alterações nas propriedades do extrato presente na extração convencional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar metilxantinas presentes nas amostras de dezesseis progênies oriundas de quatro procedências (Ivaí/PR, Barão de Cotegipe/RS, Quedas do Iguaçu/PR e Cascavel/PR), cultivadas em três localidades (Ivaí/PR, Rio Azul/PR e Guarapuava/PR) utilizando a extração por solventes orgânicos e pela EFSC usando como solvente o CO2. As metilxantinas foram quantificadas por HPLC e espectrometria comparando-se com padrão. Os teores médios de metilxantinas, correspondendo à soma de cafeína e teobromina, foram de 19,112 mg/100 g nas progênies de Ivaí/PR, 8,906 mg/100 g nas progênies de Rio Azul/PR e de 12,796 mg/100 g nas progênies de Guarapuava/PR. Ao compararmos a extração supercrítica com a extração convencional de cafeína os valores médios encontrados foram de 2,808±0,7 % para Ivaí/PR, 1,537±0,2 % em Rio Azul/PR e 1,728±0,5 % para Guarapuava/PR. A EFSC usando o dióxido de carbono como solvente aliada à análise HPLC mostrou-se eficiente na caracterização e quantificação das metilxantinas presentes nas amostras analisadas.Seção: Controle de Qualidade/ Composição Química. Feira do Agronegócio da Erva-mate, 1., 2003, Chapecó. Integrar para promover o agronegócio da erva-mate

Magnetically controlled exciton transfer in hybrid quantum dot-quantum well nanostructures

A magnetophotoluminescence study of the carrier transfer with hybrid InAs/GaAs quantum dot(QD)-InGaAs quantum well (QW) structures is carried out where we observe an unsual dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) on the GaAs barrier thickness at strong magnetic field and excitation density. For the case of a thin barrier the QW PL intensity is observed to increase at the expense of a decrease in the QD PL intensity. This is attributed to changes in the interplane carrier dynamics in the QW and the wetting layer (WL) resulting from increasing the magnetic field along with changes in the coupling between QD excited states and exciton states in the QW and the WL

Divergência genética entre progênies de erva-mate com base em dados fitoquímicos.

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