Translating it into real life: a qualitative study of the cognitions, barriers and supports for key obesogenic behaviors of parents of preschoolers

BACKGROUND: Little is known about preschool parents' cognitions, barriers, supports and modeling of key obesogenic behaviors, including breakfast, fruit and vegetable consumption, sugary beverage intake, feeding practices, portion sizes, active playtime, reduced screen-time, sleep and selection of child-care centers with characteristics that promote healthy behaviors. METHODS: Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine these factors via survey and focus groups among 139 parents of 2- to 5-year-old children. Standard content analysis procedures were used to identify trends and themes in the focus group data, and Analysis of Variance was used to test for differences between groups in the survey data. RESULTS: Results showed 80% of parents ate breakfast daily, consumed sugary beverages 2.7 ± 2.5SD days per week, and had at least two different vegetables and fruits an average of 5.2 ± 1.8SD and 4.6 ± 2.0SD days per week. Older parents and those with greater education drank significantly fewer sugary drinks. Parents played actively a mean 4.2 ± 2.2 hours/week with their preschoolers, who watched television a mean 2.4 ± 1.7 hours/day. Many parents reported having a bedtime routine for their preschooler and choosing childcare centers that replaced screen-time with active play and nutrition education. Common barriers to choosing healthful behaviors included lack of time; neighborhood safety; limited knowledge of portion size, cooking methods, and ways to prepare healthy foods or play active indoor games; the perceived cost of healthy options, and family members who were picky eaters. Supports for performing healthful behaviors included planning ahead, introducing new foods and behaviors often and in tandem with existing preferred foods and behaviors, and learning strategies from other parents. CONCLUSIONS: Future education programs with preschool parents should emphasize supports and encourage parents to share helpful strategies with each other.This item is part of the UA Faculty Publications collection. For more information this item or other items in the UA Campus Repository, contact the University of Arizona Libraries at [email protected]

Geologic Map of the Little Horn Mountains 15' Quadrangle, Southwestern Arizona v. 2.0

Geologic map of the Little Horn Mountains of SW Arizona. Includes cross section and text report. This is a digital republication of a 1991 geologic map originally created by the Arizona Geological Survey with financial support from U.S. Geological Survey. Preparation for republication was conducted by students from the University of Arizona with financial support from the U.S. Geological Survey, National Geological and Geophysical Data Preservation Program (G23AP00215) and included the production of a new GIS geodatabase and a revised map layout. It is based on interpretations that were made from the data available at the time it was created. The AZGS does not guarantee this map or digital data to be free of errors nor assume liability for interpretations made from this map or digital data, or decisions based thereon. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government.Documents in the AZGS Documents Repository collection are made available by the Arizona Geological Survey (AZGS) and the University Libraries at the University of Arizona. For more information about items in this collection, please contact [email protected]

Biased reading and neutral representations: How presentation order of comprehension questions alters reading strategies without influencing final representations

Garden-path sentences, where later syntactic information makes an initial structure infelicitous (While Mark investigated the murder occurred), require reconciliation of conflicting semantic and syntactic cues, providing insight on what mechanisms drive syntactic repair and how initial incorrect parses affect comprehension. Previous work has shown that reading times at disambiguation regions (occurred) remain unaffected despite semantic biases, suggesting separate mechanisms for semantic processing and syntactic repair. We investigated the integration of information in garden-path sentence reading in a self-paced reading experiment, varying the presentation order of sentences and comprehension questions. Questions preceding sentences provide a strong cue to direct reading effort, potentially facilitating processing. We found that preceding comprehension questions resulted in longer response times and longer overall reading times while not affecting response accuracy. This suggests that comprehension questions alter participants’ strategies in reading but do not affect representations obtained, calling into question the link between reading times and comprehension

Feasibility of Using Optical Sensing to Measure Bore Depth in Surgical Bone Drilling

The depth gauge is used in many osteosynthesis surgeries to measure drilled bore depth for screw selection, and has significant limitations. Its use has been shown to contribute to placement of incorrectly sized screws, which can lead to adverse outcomes in patients.We have developed an automatic depth gauge prototype which mounts on an existing surgical drill and makes use of an optical sensor. This builds off previous work in our lab which showed that drilled bore depth could be computed from continuous measurement of drill displacement relative to the bone. We tested our device in animal models and compared it with digital calipers as a gold standard. In a simple porcine model the prototype showed potentially superior performance (mean error 2.05mm, SD 0.67mm) compared with the conventional depth gauge (mean error 0.83 mm, SD 1.55 mm). However, this could not be reproduced in a more realistic porcine model.An automated depth gauge mounted on a conventional surgical drill shows potential as a replacement for the existing depth gauge, but the design needs to be refined for use in an operating room setting.</jats:p