Surgical management of dystocia due to Dicephalus iniodymus monster calf in a graded Murrah buffalo

A full term pluriparous graded Murrah buffalo was presented with history of dystocia due to a double-headed calf that struck in the pelvic inlet. A dead iniodymus monster male calf was retrieved by left para median laparohysterotomy. The calf was having two complete heads conjoint at the level of 3rd cervical vertebra and mandibular angles. With good post operative care and management, the buffalo recovered well

Surgical Management of a Rare Case of Scrotal Lymphangioma in Ongole Bull

An unusual case of scrotal lymphangioma in a ongole bull is described. A 5 years old ongole bull was presented with a eight month history of swelling at the neck of scrotum. On palpation the swelling was hard in consistency. Fine needle aspiration revealed no sign of malignancy. On surgical exploration of scrotal swelling, a hard mass was observed adhering to the outerlayers of spermatic cord. The mass was excised without disturbing the testes and the associated structures. Based on cytological and histopathological examination the mass was diagnosed as lymphangioma. The surgical treatment was successful and the animal had uneventful recovery without any complications

Correction of atresia ani and recto-vaginal fistula in a buffalo calf - A case report

A day old buffalo calf was presented with atresia ani and recto vaginal fistula to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur. Under epidural anaesthesia the congenital defects were corrected surgically. The calf was treated post operatively with Ceftriaxone injection at the dose rate of 20 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days and Meloxicam injection at the dose rate of 0.3 mg/kg for 3 days. The correction of the condition, its management and successful recovery is reported

A New Chapter for Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Decellularized Extracellular Matrices

From orthopedic to neurological disorders, stem cells are used as platforms to understand disease mechanisms and considered as novel and promising treatment options, especially when the valid therapeutic approaches are unavailable or ineffective. There are different stem cell types in the literature, however the spindle-shaped, colony forming and multilineage-differentiating cells, also known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are very popular, as MSC can be isolated from different tissues with minimal ethical concerns and without tumor formations, which make them easily accessible and widely used in vitro and in vivo studies. In the literature, MSC have been shown to have therapeutic effects and orchestrate the healing process via their mobilization, migration, differentiation capacities, immunomodulation properties and/or secretion of bioactive factors. Nowadays, MSC derived extracellular matrices (ECM), which are part of the secreted/produced bioactive molecules from MSC; draw attention of researchers due to their key roles in cell biology. Several groups have isolated ECM from in vitro cultured MSC using different methods of decellularization techniques for tissue-engineering approaches. According to current knowledge, decellularized ECM (dECM) influence growth, adhesion, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, proliferation, and phenotype of cells, covering almost all cellular events. In this comprehensive review we focused on MSC and the isolation methods and effects of MSC derived dECM (MSC-dECM)