Evaluation of teenage pregnancy interventions in Wigan

This report presents the findings from a 12 month study that involved the development of an online questionnaire, and analysis of over 50 completed responses. The questionnaire aimed to determine the impact of a variety of services in Wigan that currently engage in strategies to reduce teenage pregnancy rates in the borough. The report begins with the background and specific study aims and objectives followed by a policy and literature overview. Details of the study design and processes undertaken to develop the instrument are given, together with data collected from a number of participating sites. This data was analysed and the findings and recommendations are presented

Obtaining Atomic Matrix Elements from Vector Tune-Out Wavelengths using Atom Interferometry

Accurate values for atomic dipole matrix elements are useful in many areas of physics, and in particular for interpreting experiments such as atomic parity violation. Obtaining accurate matrix element values is a challenge for both experiment and theory. A new technique that can be applied to this problem is tune-out spectroscopy, which is the measurement of light wavelengths where the electric polarizability of an atom has a zero. Using atom interferometry methods, tune-out wavelengths can be measured very accurately. Their values depend on the ratios of various dipole matrix elements and are thus useful for constraining theory and broadening the application of experimental values. Tune-out wavelength measurements to date have focused on zeros of the scalar polarizability, but in general the vector polarizability also contributes. We show here that combined measurements of the vector and scalar polarizabilities can provide more detailed information about the matrix element ratios, and in particular can distinguish small contributions from the atomic core and the valence tail states. These small contributions are the leading error sources in current parity violation calculations for cesium.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure

Feeding Techniques To Increase Calf Growth In The First Two Months Of Life

End of project reportData from Cornell University and the University of Illinois in the USA suggested that average daily liveweight gains of 900 to 1000 g/calf/day could be achieved from birth to weaning provided the calf milk replacer (CMR) is formulated to meet the calf’s amino acid requirements for such a rate of gain. Their findings suggested a daily milk replacer DM allowance of 1250 to 1500 g/d with a crude protein content of 26 to 30%. A series of studies were undertaken, at ARINI with home born dairy calves and at Grange Beef Research Centre with purchased dairy calves, to determine the effect of increasing the daily milk replacer DM allowance and or increasing the crude protein content of the CMR on calf performance.The main outcomes of these studies were There was no growth or intake response in any of the studies to increasing the crude protein content of the CMP from 23% to 28%. Calf growth rates responded to increasing the dailymilk replacer allowance from 600 to 1200 g/day for both home bred and purchased calves. However, the effect was not significant post-weaning in any of the studies. In all of the studies (for both home reared and purchased calves) feeding a high level of CMRdecreased concentrate DM intake. However, the calves concentrate intakes were similar post-weaning. The home bred calves with free access to the milk replacer feeders failed to consume their 1200 g/day allowance. Calves offered 600 or 1200 g of CMR/day had average consumption of 554 and 944 g/d, respectively, in the milk feeding period. Feeding a high (1200 g/d) compared to a low level (600 g/d) CMRdiet for the first 56 days had no significant effect on carcass weight or carcass characteristics when purchased male calves were slaughtered off an ad libitum concentrate diet after 388 days. The final carcass weights were 231 and 240 kg for the respective 600 and 1200 g/d CMR. Reducing the fat content of the CMRfrom 18% to 12% did not have any effect on concentrate intake or liveweight gain

A comparison of Charolais and beef X Friesian suckler cows.

End of Project ReportThe studies carried out included comparisons of Charolais and Beef x Friesian suckler cows in terms of voluntary silage intake, colostrum yield and immunoglobulin level, calf immunoglobulin level and cow milk yield in addition to animal production experiments. In all experiments the Charolais animals used were a minimum of 7/8 Charolais and were the result of an upgrading programme at Grange commencing with Charolais x Friesians. In the production experiments, only Hereford x Friesian cows (and their progeny) were compared with the Charolais while in all other experiments the Beef x Friesians included both Hereford x Friesians and Limousin x Friesians.European Union Structural Funds (EAGGF

Flutter: A finite element program for aerodynamic instability analysis of general shells of revolution with thermal prestress

Documentation for the computer program FLUTTER is presented. The theory of aerodynamic instability with thermal prestress is discussed. Theoretical aspects of the finite element matrices required in the aerodynamic instability analysis are also discussed. General organization of the computer program is explained, and instructions are then presented for the execution of the program

Production of red veal for the EU market.

End of Project ReportA summary of four experiments which used Holstein/Friesian bulls and a fifth which used continental cross bulls to determine the effect of feeding ad libitum concentrates on animal prefomance. • The Barley soyabean meal ration provided consistent liveweight gain (1.25 kg/day) and similar cold carcass weight (237 kg) in all four experiments using Holstein and Friesian Bulls. • The Low energy treatment group (Experiment 1) had a liveweight gain of 1.14 kg/day and a cold carcass of 220 kg, i.e. 21 kg lower than that achieved on the High energy treatment group which had a liveweight gain of 1.26 kg/day and a cold carcass of 241 kg. • Providing animals with a summer period outdoors at pasture compared with a continuous period indoors, in general had the effect of improving daily liveweight gain and feed conversion efficiency when animals were offered ad libitum concentrate diet. The effect was greatest when autumn-born calves spent the final 180 days prior to slaughter at pasture. • Restricting the concentrate allowance at pasture brought about a 1.5 unit improvement in FCR carcass, however, at a similar slaughter age this treatment group produced carcasses that were 22 and 21 kg lighter than the control in two respective experiments. • The current economic climate for beef production does not permit the production of red veal in Ireland. However, when markets develop in the Mediterranean countries there will be opportunities to produce red veal carcasses for those markets using male bulls from the Holstein/Friesian herds. • Weaned continental cross suckler bulls slaughtered off an ad libitum concentrate diet at 550 kg liveweight had a feed conversion efficiency of 8.2 kg concentrate DM per kg carcass produced. The corresponding value at 650 kg slaughter, liveweight was 9.5 kg.European Union Structural Funds (EAGGF

ニホンノダイガクニオケルESLガクセイノブンショタイワヲツカッタVNGノコウカニツイテ

　　This research considers the use of Visual Narrative Grammar(VNG) as a means to aid in improving the fluency, accuracy, and complexity of dialogue written by ESL students at Japanese universities. VNG, such as the sequential images found in the panels of comic books, appeal to a non-verbal linguistic ability of the human mind (Gernsbacher, 1983; Cohn, 2013). If that be the case, then it could be hypothesized that VNG should have benefits in aiding language acquisition. This research seeks to explore the benefit of VNG on ESL students’ written production of English dialogue. In addition to a review of current literature pertaining to VNG, a proposed methodology of research to come has been outlined in this essay

Factors Affecting the Cleanliness of Cattle Housed in Buildings wiith Concrete Slatted Floors.

End of Project ReportFrom a series of experiments at Grange Research Centre, cattle were cleanest at housing in the autumn, however, within 3 to 4 weeks of housing on concrete slats and fed with a diet of grass silage, cattle were dirtiest, with the majority of the cattle in category 4 or 5. Cattle tended to be cleaner in the late March, early April period as they shed their winter hair coat. Cattle fed concentrates plus straw were significantly cleaner at slaughter compared to similar cattle offered grass silage plus concentrates. Cattle housed indoor on slats during the summer were cleaner than cattle on similar diet and accommodation during the winter. High dry matter silage produced cleaner cattle than did low dry matter silages. Back and tail clipping of cattle at the commencement of the winter finishing period did not have any positive effect on cleanliness score or liveweight gain when the cattle were accommodated in well ventilated slatted floor houses. A survey of 19 farms specialising in finishing cattle failed to show any correlation between stocking density, solid floor area or level of concentrate feeding on the cleanliness of finishing cattle. A survey of 36 finishing units, designated as producers of "clean" or "dirty" cattle at slaughter, found that units with clean cattle had houses which were in general well ventilated, had A-type roofs with an open ridge outlet and in general the grass silage offered was a higher dry matter. In contrast, finishing units with dirty cattle tended to be poorly ventilated and the grass silage offered had a lower dry matter. Overall in the survey cattle cleanliness score was not affected by stocking density (2.0m 2 3.8m 2) or the proportion of solid floor area in the pen. Cattle accommodated on gang slats were dirtier than those accommodated on single slats