Coordinated regulation of chromatophore differentiation and melanogenesis during the ontogeny of skin pigmentation of Solea senegalensis (Kaup, 1858)

Abnormal pigmentation of Senegalese sole has been described as one problem facing the full exploitation of its commercial production. To improve our understanding of flatfish pigmentation of this commercially important species we have evaluated eleven genes related to two different processes of pigmentation: melanophore differentiation, and melanin production. The temporal distribution of gene expression peaks corresponds well with changes in pigmentation patterns and the intensity of skin melanization. Several gene ratios were also examined to put in perspective possible genetic markers for the different stages of normal pigmentation development. Further, the phenotypic changes that occur during morphogenesis correspond well with the main transitions in gene expression that occur. Given the dramatic phenotypic alterations which flatfish undergo, including the asymmetric coloration that occurs between the ocular and the blind side, and the synchrony of the two processes of morphogenesis and pigmentation ontogenesis, these species constitute an interesting model for the study of pigmentation. In this study we present a first approximation towards explaining the genetic mechanisms for regulating pigmentation ontogeny in Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis.Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICIIN) of the Spanish Government [AGL2008-03897-C04-01/ACU]; European Community [FP7/2007-2013-222719-LIFECYCLE]; Spanish Governmentinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Síndrome uña-rótula

Presentamos el estudio de 3 casos afectos de un síndrome "uña-rótula", con historia familiar positiva en uno de ellos. Este síndrome es un transtorno hereditario de transmisión autosómica dominante, caracterizado por displasia ungueal y de articulacione s y formación de una s excrecencia s óseas características a nive l del ilíaco (cuernos ilíacos). El síndrome completo se define por los cambios esqueléticos asociados a una nefropatía. Describimos las anomalías clínico-radiográficas de tres paciente s y realizamos una revisión de la literatura sobre esta displasia poco frecuente.The author s showed thre e patients affected by "nail patella" syndrome with positive familiar history in one case. The "nail patella" syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition, characterized by nail and joint dysplasia and extra bone formation at the os ilium. The complet e syndrome is characterized by a serie s of skeletal disorders and specific nephropathy. This article reports the clinical and roentgenographi c findings of three patients and the results of the study of their families. A review of the literature is done

Geodemography: Land cover, geographical information systems and population distribution

This paper examines the recent application of the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to the analysis of population distribution. We mention the efforts of the National Statistical Institutes in this direction boosted by the last census 2011.The stating point is a growing need to have available population figures for areas not related to administrative boundaries, either user defined zones or in grid format.This allows a convenient zonal system to combine demographic characteristics with environmental and pure geographic data, so the relation between the man and the environment can be analyzed in a unified way.Eventually, we offer a practical illustration of the interactions between GIS techniques and administrative population data in the study of spatial population distribution: We build a density grid for Spain by dasymetric methods from census tracts population data and Land Cover and Use Information System of Spain (SIOSE).The analysis is done within the spatial reference framework of the European Union

La conexión discursiva en textos escritos descriptivos

En este trabajo se estudia, a partir de un corpus de 383 textos, la función de los conectores discursivos en la construcción de escritos redactados sobre la base de una secuencia dominante de naturaleza descriptiva. En primer lugar, se valora cómo afecta al uso de los enlaces la naturaleza conceptual de la descripción según se fije esta en seres humanos o en espacios físicos tales como viviendas. A continuación, se centra en la función de los enlaces temporales y los ordenadores discursivos en la confi guración de perspectivas dinámicas de descripción. En tercer término, se evalúa el uso de los relacionantes locativos como enlaces textuales que establecen un tipo de relación entre un objeto base y un objeto figura ubicados en unidades textuales distintas. Por último, se clasifican los conectores espaciales identificados sobre siete ejes básicos de organización y se analiza la coaparición de enlaces correspondientes a ejes distintos.This study analyzes a corpus of 383 texts in order to study the function of discourse connectors in the creation of written texts with a fundamentally descriptive structure. Firstly, this study assesses the extent to which the conceptual nature of description affects the use of discourse connectors depending on whether it deals with humans or with physical spaces such as houses. Next, the study focuses on the function of discourse and temporal connectors in the configuration of dynamic description perspectives. The third part of the study analyzes the use of locative connectors as linking elements which establish a relationship between a concrete object and a figurative one which are located in different text units. Finally, the spatial connectors found during the study are classified into seven basic organizational categories and the instances of connectors which appear in more than one category are analyzed

Pumping seawater from coastal aquifers for supplying desalination plants

The lack of water in the coastal areas demands an onerous search for an appropriate solution. One solution is that of water transfer from areas of surplus, but this is itself problematical. Technological developments have introduced the possibility of utilizing desalinated seawater as a drinking water source at a competitive price. Abstraction from coastal aquifers that are connected to the sea appears to be the cheapest means of supply. However, pumping poses some problems due to the corrosiveness of seawater. These problems include the difficulties of choosing suitable sites for the abstractions, drilling method, casing, filter pack, as well as the design of a monitoring system to assess aquifer behaviour as a result of the generally high exploitation rate. The 31 boreholes that have been drilled in the Andarax Delta near the city of Almeria are cited as an example of a real application

Nuevo endemismo marroquí: Sideritis cirujanoi, sp. nov.

4 p., il.[EN]A new species, Sideritis cirujanoi Romo, Stübing, Roselló & Peris (Lamiaceae), from the Riff range (northern Morocco), is described[ES]Se describe una nueva eSfecie, Sideritis cirujanoi Romo, Stübing, Roselló & Peris (Lamiaceae), de las montañas del Rif (norte de Marruecos).Peer reviewe

Efecto de dosis de acido polimaleico en la estabilidad estructural de suelos salinos.

Se estudió el efecto de distintas dosis de ácido polimaleico sobre la estabilidad estructural de tres tipos de suelos salinos. Se separaron los agregados naturales que pasaron por el tamiz de 4,00 mm y quedaron retenidos en el tamiz de 2,00 mm, se aplicaron dosis de ácido polimaleico de 0,5, 10 y 15 L/ha sobre los agregados. Cada 30 dias se determinó la distribución de agregados estables y el porcentage de arcilla dispersa en agua. Para los tres tipos de suelos las dosis más elevadas presentaron un mayor aumento del diámetro medio ponderado de los agregados y mayor reducción del porcentaje de arcilla dispersa en agua