Double Inoculation of Rhizobium and Arbuscular Mycorrhyzal fungus to Improve The Growth of Yam Bean

Single inoculation with respectively three strains of Rhizobium (Ci-1, Ci-2, Ci-3) and two strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (78-1 and 41-3) as well as their double inoculation had been tested for their effectiveness in increasing the growth of yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) in a greenhouse experiment. This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Soil Biology, Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) Bogor. The results showed that all Rhizobium inoculation did not increase the growth of yam bean. On the other hand, inoculation with two strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased the plant growth significantly (4 times for strain 78-1 and 1.46 time for 41-3). Double inoculation between three Rhizobium strains and two of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains (78-1 and 41-3) was not significantly different from a single arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation (78-1 or 41-3).Single inoculation with respectively three strains of Rhizobium (Ci-1, Ci-2, Ci-3) and two strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (78-1 and 41-3) as well as their double inoculation had been tested for their effectiveness in increasing the growth of yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) in a greenhouse experiment. This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Soil Biology, Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) Bogor. The results showed that all Rhizobium inoculation did not increase the growth of yam bean. On the other hand, inoculation with two strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased the plant growth significantly (4 times for strain 78-1 and 1.46 time for 41-3). Double inoculation between three Rhizobium strains and two of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains (78-1 and 41-3) was not significantly different from a single arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation (78-1 or 41-3)

Double Inoculation of Rhizobium and Arbuscular Mycorrhyzal fungus to Improve The Growth of Yam Bean

Single inoculation with respectively three strains of Rhizobium (Ci-1, Ci-2, Ci-3) and two strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (78-1 and 41-3) as well as their double inoculation had been tested for their effectiveness in increasing the growth of yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) in a greenhouse experiment.This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Soil Biology, Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) Bogor.The results showed that all Rhizobium inoculation did not increase the growth of yam bean. On the other hand, inoculation with two strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased the plant growth significantly (4 times for strain 78-1 and 1.46 time for 41-3). Double inoculation between three Rhizobium strains and two of arbusarlar mycorrhizal fungi strains (78-1 and 41-3) was not significantly different with a single arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation (78-1 or 41-3).</jats:p

Ecological and economic challenges in Palm Oil Production - EcoPOP -Integrierter Umweltschutz in der Palmoeelindustrie Indonesiens Abschlussbericht zum Vorprojekt

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: DtF QN1(90,52) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany); Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH (Germany). Projekttraeger Biologie, Energie, Oekologie (BEO)DEGerman

Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich. cultivated as a root crop in Bali and Timor

Vigna vexillata is considered as a pantropical distributed wild species closely related to the cowpea (Vigna uniculata) and adapted to infertile soils. The species is occasionally used for its storage roots as well as forage and erosion control plant. The objective of this study was to pursue personal communications that V. vexillata has be transformed into a cultivar in Indonesia. Seven Indonesian islands were visited (Java, Bali, Sumba, Flores, Timor, Kalimantan and Sulawesi). Wild V. vexillata was found in Java, Bali, Sumba, Flores and Timor, occasionally used as wild 'forest food', and cultivated V. vexillata was found in Bali and Timor, Seven cultivars were collected and two of these were made available for the National Botanic Garden of Belgium. The cultivars were primarily cultivated for their storage roots, propagated by seeds, required no scarified seeds for good germination and formed non-dehiscent pods. On-farm root yields of 18-30 t ha(-1) stop and seed yields of 0.7-1.2 t ha(-1) stop were estimated. A brief discussion about the common names of wild V. vexillata is given and it is proposed to use the name 'tuber cowpea' for V. vexillata accessions which are cultivated for their storage roots. The material may be of interest for regions, where the growing season is too short or the rainfall too low for sweet potato and cassava as well as to incorporate cultivar characteristics into wild V. vexillata accessions which are used for their storage roots

Model checking the information flow security of real-time systems

Cyber-physical systems are processing large amounts of sensitive information, but are increasingly often becoming the target of cyber attacks. Thus, it is essential to verify the absence of unauthorized information flow at design time before the systems get deployed. Our paper addresses this problem by proposing a novel approach to model-check the information flow security of cyber-physical systems represented by timed automata. We describe the transformation into so-called test automata, reducing the verification to a reachability test that is carried out using the off-the-shelf model checker Uppaal. Opposed to related work, we analyze the real-time behavior of systems, allowing software engineers to precisely identify timing channels that would enable attackers to draw conclusions from the systemâs response times. We illustrate the approach by detecting a timing channel in a simplified model of a cyber-manufacturing system