Magnetic Reconnection resulting from Flux Emergence: Implications for Jet Formation in the lower solar atmosphere?

We aim at investigating the formation of jet-like features in the lower solar atmosphere, e.g. chromosphere and transition region, as a result of magnetic reconnection. Magnetic reconnection as occurring at chromospheric and transition regions densities and triggered by magnetic flux emergence is studied using a 2.5D MHD code. The initial atmosphere is static and isothermal, with a temperature of 20,000 K. The initial magnetic field is uniform and vertical. Two physical environments with different magnetic field strength (25 G and 50 G) are presented. In each case, two sub-cases are discussed, where the environments have different initial mass density. In the case where we have a weaker magnetic field (25 G) and higher plasma density ($N_e=2\times 10^{11}$ cm$^{-3}$), valid for the typical quiet Sun chromosphere, a plasma jet would be observed with a temperature of 2--3 $\times 10^4$ K and a velocity as high as 40 km/s. The opposite case of a medium with a lower electron density ($N_e=2\times 10^{10}$ cm$^{-3}$), i.e. more typical for the transition region, and a stronger magnetic field of 50 G, up-flows with line-of-sight velocities as high as 90 km/s and temperatures of 6 $\times$ 10$^5$ K, i.e. upper transition region -- low coronal temperatures, are produced. Only in the latter case, the low corona Fe IX 171 \AA\ shows a response in the jet which is comparable to the O V increase. The results show that magnetic reconnection can be an efficient mechanism to drive plasma outflows in the chromosphere and transition region. The model can reproduce characteristics, such as temperature and velocity for a range of jet features like a fibril, a spicule, an hot X-ray jet or a transition region jet by changing either the magnetic field strength or the electron density, i.e. where in the atmosphere the reconnection occurs.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures, 2 table

Kosterlitz-Thouless transition of quantum XY model in two dimensions

The two-dimensional $S=1/2$ XY model is investigated with an extensive quantum Monte Carlo simulation. The helicity modulus is precisely estimated through a continuous-time loop algorithm for systems up to $128 \times 128$ near and below the critical temperature. The critical temperature is estimated as $T_{\rm KT} = 0.3427(2)J$. The obtained estimates for the helicity modulus are well fitted by a scaling form derived from the Kosterlitz renormalization group equation. The validity of the Kosterlitz-Thouless theory for this model is confirmed.Comment: 8 pages, 2 tables, 6 figure