Pengaruh Jenis Mulsa terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tiga Kultivar Kentang (Solanum Tuberosum L.) yang Ditanam di Dataran Medium

The objectives of the experiment were to study growth and yield of three potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars planted at medium altitude with different types of mulch. The experiment is located at experimental station of Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Sumedang at an altitude of about 680 m. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Completed Block Design with factorial pattern, consisting of two factors and three replications. First factor was potato cultivar (Granola, Kennebec, and Panda), and the second factor was types of mulch, consisted of three levels : without mulch, straw mulch, and silver black polyethylene mulch. The result of the experiment showed that Panda cultivar had highest dry weight (29.5 g/plant) and leaf area (2513.7 cm2), while Granola cultivar had highest number of tuber per plant (15.17 knol/plant ) and highest tuber weight per plant was 650.6 g/plant (30.3 t.ha-1). Straw and silver black polyethylene mulches increased leaf area, dry weight, number of tuber per plant and tuber weight per plant. The effect of interaction betwen potato cultivar and source of mulch was significant on plant height. Panda cultivar and silver black polyethylene mulch resulted the highest height of plant (68.2 cm)

Efek Kombinasi Jenis Pupuk Organik Dengan Bionutrisi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Jahe (Zingiber Officinale Rosc.) Pada Inceptisols Di Garut

Percobaan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jahe padakombinasi jenis pupuk organik (pupuk kandang domba, bokashi pupuk kandangdomba, dan Bios) dengan Bionutrisi, dilakukan dari bulan Desember 2000 sampaiApril 2001 di Desa Haruman, Kecamatan Leies, Kabupaten Garut. Percobaanmenggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari enam perlakuandan diulang sebanyak empat kali. Adapun perlakuan tersebut adalah P1 = 30 tonpupuk kandang domba/ha, P2 = 30 ton pupuk kandang domba/ha + Bionutrisi 3cc/L, P3 =10 ton bokashi pupuk kandang domba/ha , P4 = 10 ton bokashi pupukkandang domba/ha + Bionutrisi 3 cc/L, Ps = 6 ton Bios/ha, dan P6 = 6 tonBios/ha + Bionutrisi 3 cc/L. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa tanaman yangdiberi 30 ton pupuk kandang domba atau 10 ton bokashi domba atau 6 tonBios/ha mengahasilkan bobot jahe segar/rumpun yang tidak berbeda. Aplikasi 3cc Bionutrisi/L tidak memberikan kenaikan hasil yang signifikan, tetapi kombinasi6 ton Bios/ha dengan 3 cc Bionutrisi/L cenderung memberikan hasil yang relatiflebih tinggi (yakni 206,0 g rimpang jahe segar/rumpun atau sekitar 12 ton jahesegar/ha). Pupuk Bios 6 ton/ha (20 % dad dosis pupuk kandang domba) dapatdijadikan altematif untuk mengganti pupuk kandang pada pertanaman jahe

Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bunga Gladiol pada Dosis Pupuk Organik Bokashi dan Dosis Pupuk Nitrogen yang Berbeda

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis pupuk organik bokashi dan pupuknitrogen yang tepat untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan kualitas bunga gladiol(Gladiolus hybridus). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca dan KebunPercobaan Fakultas Pertanian Unpad pada bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2000.Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK)faktorial terdiri atas dua faktor yang diulang tiga kali. Faktor pertama adalah dosis pupuk nitrogen (N) yang terdiri atas empat taraf yaitu 25 kg N/ha (n1); 50 kg N/ha (n2); 75 kg N/ha (n3); dan 100 kg N/ha (n4). Faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk organik bokashi (b) yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu 5 ton/ha (b1); 10 ton/ha (b2); dan 15 ton/ha (b3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi antara dosis pupuk organik bokashi dan nitrogen terhadap jumlah daun. Dosis nitrogen 50 kg/ha dan dosis bokashi 15 ton/ha dapat meningkatkan jumlah daun. Pemberian bokashi 10 ton/ha berpengaruh baik terhadap komponen kualitas bunga yaitu mampu menghasilkan panjang tangkai terpanjang dan jumlah kuntum bunga terbanyak

NASSAM: a server to search for and annotate tertiary interactions and motifs in three-dimensional structures of complex RNA molecules

Similarities in the 3D patterns of RNA base interactions or arrangements can provide insights into their functions and roles in stabilization of the RNA 3D structure. Nucleic Acids Search for Substructures and Motifs (NASSAM) is a graph theoretical program that can search for 3D patterns of base arrangements by representing the bases as pseudo-atoms. The geometric relationship of the pseudo-atoms to each other as a pattern can be represented as a labeled graph where the pseudo-atoms are the graph's nodes while the edges are the inter-pseudo-atomic distances. The input files for NASSAM are PDB formatted 3D coordinates. This web server can be used to identify matches of base arrangement patterns in a query structure to annotated patterns that have been reported in the literature or that have possible functional and structural stabilization implications. The NASSAM program is freely accessible without any login requirement at http://mfrlab.org/grafss/nassam/

Pengaruh Kegiatan Geothermal Terhadap Keanekaragaman Ikan Di Aliran Sungai Cikaro, Kabupaten Bandung

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan keanekaragaaman ikan di Sungai Cikaro Kabupaten Bandung, serta pengaruh Eksplorasi Panas Bumi (Geothermal) terhadap keanekaragaman ikan di hulu Sungai Cikaro Kabupaten Bandung yang dilakukan dari bulan April sampai dengan Juni 2015. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survey dengan 4 stasiun, dan dilaksanakan pada bulan April sampai Juni 2015. Jenis ikan yang teridentifikasi selama penelitian adalah Puntius binotatus (14,8%), Hampala macrolepidota (1,5%), Osteochilus vittatus(0,5%), Rasbora aprotaenia(3,9%), Gambusia affinis (9,9%), Anabas testudineus (8,4%), Mystus nemurus (35%), Channa striata (3%), Oreochromis niloticus(7,4%), Trichogaster trichopterus (11,8%), Pterygoplichthys pardalis (1,5%) dan Monopterus albus (2,5%). Indeks Keanekaragaman Ikan yang didapati pada stasiun 1 1,08. Stasiun 2 adalah 0. Stasiun 3 adalah 1,79. Stasiun 4 adalah1,47. Indeks Keseragaman Ikan di stasiun 1 adalah 1,08. Stasiun 2 adalah 0. stasiun 3 adalah 0,86. Dan stasiun 4 adalah 0,71. Pengaruh limbah geothermal tidak berpengaruh terhadap stasiun 3 dan 4 karena nilai kualitas perairan tidak berbeda dengan stasiun 1 yang tidak terkena terpengaruh oleh limbah kegiatan eksplorasi geothermal

Properties of the water to boron nitride interaction: from zero to two dimensions with benchmark accuracy

Molecular adsorption on surfaces plays an important part in catalysis, corrosion, desalination, and various other processes that are relevant to industry and in nature. As a complement to experiments, accurate adsorption energies can be obtained using various sophisticated electronic structure methods that can now be applied to periodic systems. The adsorption energy of water on boron nitride substrates, going from zero to 2-dimensional periodicity, is particularly interesting as it calls for an accurate treatment of polarizable electrostatics and dispersion interactions, as well as posing a practical challenge to experiments and electronic structure methods. Here, we present reference adsorption energies, static polarizabilities, and dynamic polarizabilities, for water on BN substrates of varying size and dimension. Adsorption energies are computed with coupled cluster theory, fixed-node quantum Monte Carlo (FNQMC), the random phase approximation (RPA), and second order M{\o}ller-Plesset (MP2) theory. These explicitly correlated methods are found to agree in molecular as well as periodic systems. The best estimate of the water/h-BN adsorption energy is $-107\pm7$ meV from FNQMC. In addition, the water adsorption energy on the BN substrates could be expected to grow monotonically with the size of the substrate due to increased dispersion interactions but interestingly, this is not the case here. This peculiar finding is explained using the static polarizabilities and molecular dispersion coefficients of the systems, as computed from time-dependent density functional theory (DFT). Dynamic as well as static polarizabilities are found to be highly anisotropic in these systems. In addition, the many-body dispersion method in DFT emerges as a particularly useful estimation of finite size effects for other expensive, many-body wavefunction based methods

Penetapan Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair Unitas Super Yang Tepat Pada Tanaman Cabai Rawit Lokal (Capsicum Frutescens L.)

The objective of the study was to obtain the proper concentration of POC Unitas Super on the optimal growth and yield of local cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). The experiment was conducted at Kanagarian Toboh Gadang, Padang Pariaman, from July to October 2017. The location is at 20 m asl, and is 10 km from the district capital, in the dry land of latosol soil type. The tools used are the hoe, stand, rope, bucket, analytical scale, meter, rake, and stationery. Materials needed include; local cayenne pepper seedlings result from propagation of local cayenne pepper seeds, POC Unitas Super (US) obtained from Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Tamansiswa Padang. NPK Compound Fertilizers (15-15-15) are given 50% recommendation, and manure as much as 5 ton ha-1. The experiment was conducted using Completely Randomized Design, with 5 treatment of POC concentration ie; P0 (0 ml L-1); P1 (25 ml L-1); P2 (50 ml L-1) and P3 (75 ml L-1), replicate 4 times, so there were 20 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed statistically by using F (ANOVA) test of 5% real level if the treatment had the significant effect on BNT further test (smallest real difference) at 5% level. The parameters observed were; plant height, number of branches, the diameter of plant canopy, the age of flowering, the yield of cayenne pepper. The giving of 50 ml of L-1 POC Unitas Super every 2 weeks is the optimum concentration to increase the growth and yield of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). The production of cayenne pepper produced reached 5.55 kg plot-1 or equal to 55.50 tons ha-1

Voltammetric studies of the mechanism of the oxygen reduction in alkaline media at the spinels Co3O4and NiCo2O4

The mechanism of O2 reduction at the spinels, Co3O4 and NiCo2O4, in KOH electrolyte is probed using voltammetry at rotating disc and rotating ring-disc electrodes by examination of the rotation rate dependent limiting currents. The analysis shows that the products and mechanisms at the two spinels are quite different. At the cobalt spinel, a substantial amount of the 2e? reduction product, H2O2, is formed while at NiCo2O4 the 4e? reduction strongly predominates. In terms of both the overpotential for reduction and its limiting current density, the mixed spinel is a substantially better electrocatalyst. It is proposed that the differences arise from an enhanced rate of O-O bond cleavage early in the reduction process at NiCo2O4

Earthshine observation of vegetation and implication for life detection on other planets - A review of 2001 - 2006 works

The detection of exolife is one of the goals of very ambitious future space missions that aim to take direct images of Earth-like planets. While associations of simple molecules present in the planet's atmosphere ($O_2$, $O_3$, $CO_2$ etc.) have been identified as possible global biomarkers, we review here the detectability of a signature of life from the planet's surface, i.e. the green vegetation. The vegetation reflectance has indeed a specific spectrum, with a sharp edge around 700 nm, known as the "Vegetation Red Edge" (VRE). Moreover vegetation covers a large surface of emerged lands, from tropical evergreen forest to shrub tundra. Thus considering it as a potential global biomarker is relevant. Earthshine allows to observe the Earth as a distant planet, i.e. without spatial resolution. Since 2001, Earthshine observations have been used by several authors to test and quantify the detectability of the VRE in the Earth spectrum. The egetation spectral signature is detected as a small 'positive shift' of a few percents above the continuum, starting at 700 nm. This signature appears in most spectra, and its strength is correlated with the Earth's phase (visible land versus visible ocean). The observations show that detecting the VRE on Earth requires a photometric relative accuracy of 1% or better. Detecting something equivalent on an Earth-like planet will therefore remain challenging, moreover considering the possibility of mineral artifacts and the question of 'red edge' universality in the Universe.Comment: Invited talk in "Strategies for Life Detection" (ISSI Bern, 24-28 April 2006) to appear in a hardcopy volume of the ISSI Space Science Series, Eds, J. Bada et al., and also in an issue of Space Science Reviews. 13 pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl

Pengaruh Naungan dan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kentang Kultivar Atlantik di Dataran Medium

Use of shade on the cultivation of potato in medium altitude is expected to reduce both light intensity and temperature, and therefore is more suitable for potatoes to grow in medium altitude. While the use of growth regulators subtances improving the process of assimilate distribution from the leaves to the tuber. Therefore use of shade followed by plant growth regulators applications are expected to increase of growth and yield. The objectives of the experiment were to determine growth and yield of potato cultivar Atlantik grown at medium altitude with different types of shading and plant growth regulators. The experiment was conducted at an experimental station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Sumedang, at an altitude 685 m asl. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design consisting of two factors and three replications. The main plots were types of shading (without shading, paranet 45%, UV polyethylene, and corn plant) and the sub plots were combination of plant growth regulators (benzylaminopurine + paclobutrazol), (benzylaminopurine +chloro choline chloride), benzylaminopurine, paclobutrazol, chloro choline chloride). The results showed that the effect of interaction between shading and plant growth regulator on growth and yield of the potato were not significant. Paranet shade and corn plant shade increased plant height, leaf area index, tuber weight per plant, yield per hectar and tuber grade A of potato cultivar Atlantik. Corn plant shading gave potato yield 21.6 ton ha-1 with 64% grade A tuber. Paclobutrazol decreased potato plant height, but increased number of tuber per plant and yielded highest tuber weight of 702.1 per plant (23.3 ton ha-1 ), with 70.9% grade A tuber