Astronomical Distance Determination in the Space Age: Secondary Distance Indicators

The formal division of the distance indicators into primary and secondary leads to difficulties in description of methods which can actually be used in two ways: with, and without the support of the other methods for scaling. Thus instead of concentrating on the scaling requirement we concentrate on all methods of distance determination to extragalactic sources which are designated, at least formally, to use for individual sources. Among those, the Supernovae Ia is clearly the leader due to its enormous success in determination of the expansion rate of the Universe. However, new methods are rapidly developing, and there is also a progress in more traditional methods. We give a general overview of the methods but we mostly concentrate on the most recent developments in each field, and future expectations. © 2018, The Author(s)

Perspectives in visual imaging for marine biology and ecology: from acquisition to understanding

Durden J, Schoening T, Althaus F, et al. Perspectives in Visual Imaging for Marine Biology and Ecology: From Acquisition to Understanding. In: Hughes RN, Hughes DJ, Smith IP, Dale AC, eds. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review. 54. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2016: 1-72

Reproducible Research in Vadose Zone Sciences

A significant portion of present-day soil and Earth science research is computational, involving complex data analysis pipelines, advanced mathematical and statistical models, and sophisticated computer codes. Opportunities for scientific progress are greatly diminished if reproducing and building on published research is difficult or impossible due to the complexity of these computational systems. Vadose Zone Journal (VZJ) is launching a Reproducible Research (RR) program in which code and data underlying a research article will be published alongside the article, thereby enabling readers to analyze data in a manner similar to that presented in the article and build on results in future research and applications. In this article, we discuss reproducible research, its background and use across other disciplines, its value to the scientific community, and its implementation in VZJ

Rehabilitation of the Ayers Dam

Presented to Canadian Electrical Association - Hydraulic Power SectionA vandalized power cable on a stoplog lifter prevented stoplogs being opened in time to prevent 60 cm of water flowing over the concrete dam crest. Failure ocurred at the left abutment on Sept. 12, 1986. The resulting flood inundated the powerplant to above shaft level on the horizontal units. This paper describes the repair work, reconstruction of the dam embankment, and the addition of a rapid stoplog release mechanism. The powerplant was back in operation in October 1987.Monenco Consultants LImite

Hydropower Expansion in Central Bolivia

Hydroelectric capacity in Bolivia now totals 278.4 MW in 33 power developments, some of which are at elevations in excess of 4,200 m (13,000 ft.). There are two main systems which have recently been interconnected to take advantage of flow diversity. There is one major reservoir at Corani. This paper describes the raising of the existing spillway and embankment dam at Corani by five metres to enlarge the reservoir, and the construction of a 13 km tunnel-canal system to divert the flow of five streams into the Corani watershed. An intake and surge tank were also modified. There are two power developments downstream of Corani Dam, at Corani and Santa Isabel. A total head of 1,409 m (4,620 ft.) is harnessed, hence each cumec of firm flow generates 100,000,000 kWh of energy per annum, a measure of the value of storage at Corani. Most of the design work was undertaken at project offices in Cochabamba, Bolivia, and construction was completed in 1984