-81dB PSRR regulated cascode fully MOS bandgap reference for power management in RF energy harvesting systems

In the midst of technological advance where everything is connected via the internet, IoT is emerging as a potential solution to everything, ranging from health wearables to smart city. An RFEH power management system has promising benefits that could further improve the powering of IoT devices as it has potential for clean energy as well as other advantages which consists of a rectifier, bandgap reference and LDO as the main core. However, the main challenge is supplying clean and low noise power to sensitive circuits such as low power sensors, VCOs and PLLs. A high PSRR bandgap reference that rejects noise at the power supply is needed so that the circuitry powered by RFEH systems would be able to function properly. This paper presents a bandgap with MOS PTAT and CTAT extraction achieving a PSRR of -81dB at a Vref of 0.415V was designed on 130nm CMOS technology targeting IoT RFEH devices that operate at sub-threshold and near-threshold region that exhibits improvement over the base design

Iraklı Bilgi Teknisyenleri Tarafından Kod Değiştirme Kullanımının İncelenmesi: Niteliksel Bir Örnek Çalışma

Code switching (hereafter CS) is a distinctive phenomenon among other language contact phenomena. It is widely used within bilingual communities to maintain communications. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the use of code switching among Iraqi ITs at the workplace and identify the reasons for using code switching. Data collection consisted of two stages: recording the participants’ conversations (seven conversations) at workplaces and conducting semi-structured interviews with 14 participants (14 interviews). The study qualitatively analyzes seven Iraqi ITs’ conversations at workplaces by applying Apple and Muysken (2006) classification of CS. A thematic analysis was also used in analysing the 14 interviews with 14 participants. The findings, which revealed that the participants use CS for different reasons, showed that the first conversation ranked first in code switching occurrence. They also revealed that the intra-sentential CS is the predominant type within Iraqi ITs’ workplace conversations. In addition, they revealed that CS was mainly used to perform a referential function. The study is important for EFLLs because it gives a clear picture of language alternation in Iraqi ITs public sector workplace. The current study provides the researchers and the practitioners with an authentic and dependable idea about the actual use of language alternation (CS) in the community of information technicians at a workplace in the Iraqi state higher education sector.Dili değişimi, dil iletişimi fenomeni içerisinde ender bir durumdur. İletişimi sürdürmek için iki dilli toplumlarda bireyler arasında yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı bilgi tekniği kullanarak konunun ele alınıp çalışma yerlerini ve kullanım sebeplerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu araştırmada yer alan dokümanlar, iki aşamadan oluşmaktadır. Araştırmaya katılanların işyerlerinde yaptıkları konuşmaların yedisi kaydedilmiş, 14 mülakat yapılmıştır. Araştırmada dil değişimi ile ilgili Apple ve Muysken (2006) tasnifi uyarınca söz konuşma nitelikli bir yöntemle konu açısından incelenmiştir. 14 katılımcı ile yapılan mülakatlar vasıtasıya konu incelenmiştir. İlk konuşma içerdiği dil değişimi açısından başta yer almıştır. Ayrıca bu tür konuşmalada intrasentential(cümle içi) anahtarlamanın yaygın olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca bu araştırmada referential(işaret etme) görevi için dil değişiminin kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Bu inceleme İngilizce öğrenen yapancılar icin önemli sayılır. Çünkü Irak’taki işyerlerinde dil değişimi olayı ile ilgili açık bir görüntü ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca bu araştırma, araştımacı ve uzmanlar için dil değişimi olayı ile ilgili bilhassa Irak’ın yükseköğretim ve kamu sektörlerinde esas alınabilecek gerçek ve orijinal kullanımına ilişkin bilgiler de sunmaktadır.

-81dB PSRR regulated cascode fully MOS bandgap reference for power management in RF energy harvesting systems

In the midst of technological advance where everything is connected via the internet, IoT is emerging as a potential solution to everything, ranging from health wearables to smart city. An RFEH power management system has promising benefits that could further improve the powering of IoT devices as it has potential for clean energy as well as other advantages which consists of a rectifier, bandgap reference and LDO as the main core. However, the main challenge is supplying clean and low noise power to sensitive circuits such as low power sensors, VCOs and PLLs. A high PSRR bandgap reference that rejects noise at the power supply is needed so that the circuitry powered by RFEH systems would be able to function properly. This paper presents a bandgap with MOS PTAT and CTAT extraction achieving a PSRR of -81dB at a V&lt;sub&gt;ref&lt;/sub&gt; of 0.415V was designed on 130nm CMOS technology targeting IoT RFEH devices that operate at sub-threshold and near-threshold region that exhibits improvement over the base design.</jats:p