Caracterização da Carne Marinhoa DOP

Este trabalho resultou da análise de dados existentes na Associação dos Criadores de Bovinos da Raça Marinhoa (ACRM), no matadouro de Aveiro, obtidos durante a recria de vitelos em parceria e da análise das respostas a inquéritos feitos a uma amostra da população residente no solar de origem da raça Marinhoa. Teve como objectivo caracterizar as primeiras 56 carcaças de bovinos que foram comercializadas pelo Agrupamento de Produtores CARMARDOP e avaliar a importância e o reconhecimento que esta DOP tem na região solar da raça. Determinou-se: a idade média ao abate (494,0 dias ±173,35); o sexo dos animais abatidos (82,0% machos); a classe dos animais abatidos (60,3% da classe novilho); o peso médio de carcaça (194,4 kg ±63,95); o ganho de peso diário entre os 150 e os 285 dias de idade (0,528kg/dia). Verificou-se que 44,2% das carcaças obtiveram a classificação P1 e 30,7% a classificação P2, a vazia é a peça mais abundante na categoria Extra, que no seu total representa 13,9 % do peso da carcaça, as peças de 1ª Categoria constituem 38,8 % da carcaça, sendo o acém a peça com maior peso e na 2ª Categoria, com 23,11% do peso da carcaça, a aba é a peça mais representativa. Em relação ao inquérito efectuado apurou-se que: 13% dos inquiridos consome carne de bovino (gosto pessoal, confiança no produto criado em casa); 60% conhece o significado da expressão “Denominação de Origem Protegida”, sobretudo os inquiridos do sexo masculino e na faixa etária dos 31-40 anos; 48,9% já provou carne com DOP e apenas 20% já provou Carne Marinhoa DOP. Embora esteja a ser importante o trabalho de divulgação do produto que tem sido desenvolvido pela ACRM e pelo agrupamento de produtores, consideramos fundamental a divulgação desta carne pelas entidades políticas competentes, por se tratar de um produto de qualidade, exclusivo da região, e que poderá constituir uma mais valia para a sua população e para a preservação desta raça autóctone

Influencia de la densidad animal en la respuesta productiva de conejos en una explotación industrial

publishedTomo I . Sección: Sistemas Ganaderos-Economía y Gestión. Sesión: Conejos, abejas, peces y cerdos. Ponencia nº 2

Genetic relationship of the marismeña cow with some andalusian breeds

The Marismeña breed has a large variety of coat colors, this fact could be explained by the influence of other Andalusian breeds like Pajuna, or Berrenda. The objective of this research work was to detect the influence of some different Andalusian bovine breeds into the Marismeña bovine population from Doñana National Park. For the DNA extraction blood samples were used from the races: (n=224) Marismeña (40), Berrenda en Colorado (40), Berrenda en Negro (32) y Pajuna (40); as control groups, Palmera (43) and Nelore (29). A 27 microsatellites battery applied in the European project of bovine breeds characterization was used in this work. Most of microsatellites were Hardy-Weinberg equilibrated, except Berrenda en Negro was found 11 in disequilibrium (p<0.01). The individual assignment was performed with Bayesian (Structure) method. Bayesian clustering for multiple-locus assignment to genetic groups indicated low levels of admixture in the Marismeña breed. Thus, the Marismeña breed may not be admixture with Pajuna, Berrenda en Negro or Berrenda en Colorado.La raza Marismeña es una de las razas con el color de capa más variado, incluye desde los colores sólidos hasta los berrendos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue detectar la influencia de algunas razas andaluzas en la población bovina Marismeña del Parque Nacional de Doñana. Se utilizó sangre para la extracción de ADN de animales de las razas (n): Marismeña (40), Berrenda en Colorado (40), Berrenda en Negro (32) y Pajuna (40); se manejaron como poblaciones control la Palmera (43) y la Nelore (29). Se utilizó una batería de 27 microsatélites que fueron aplicados en el proyecto europeo de caracterización de razas bovinas. La mayoría de los microsatélites se encontraron en equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg excepto la Berrenda en Negro que tuvo 11 en desequilibrio (p<0,01). Se realizó un análisis de asignación de los individuos a su población con el programa Structure versión 2.1. El análisis bayesiano para asignación multilocus indicó que la raza Marismeña es la que esta genéticamente mejor definida. Se analizaron valores de k (número de poblaciones) de 2 a 6. Se concluye que la raza Marismeña no tiene influencia de Pajuna o de las Berrendas

The influence of the preparation methods on the inclusion of model drugs in a β-cyclodextrin cavity

NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2009 Feb;71(2):377-386. Epub 2008 Oct 17.The work aims to prove the complexation of two model drugs (ibuprofen, IB and indomethacin, IN) by bcyclodextrin (bCD), and the effect of water in such a process, and makes a comparison of their complexation yields. Two methods were considered: kneading of a binary mixture of the drug, bCD, and inclusion of either IB or IN in aqueous solutions of bCD. In the latter method water was removed by air stream, spray-drying and freeze-drying. To prove the formation of complexes in final products, optical microscopy, UV spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, DSC, X-ray and NMR were considered. Each powder was added to an acidic solution (pH = 2) to quantify the concentration of the drug inside bCD cavity. Other media (pH = 5 and 7) were used to prove the existence of drug not complexed in each powder, as the drugs solubility increases with the pH. It was observed that complexation occurred in all powders, and that the fraction of drug inside the bCD did not depend neither on the method of complexation nor on the processes of drying considered

Branching and annihilating Levy flights

We consider a system of particles undergoing the branching and annihilating reactions A -> (m+1)A and A + A -> 0, with m even. The particles move via long-range Levy flights, where the probability of moving a distance r decays as r^{-d-sigma}. We analyze this system of branching and annihilating Levy flights (BALF) using field theoretic renormalization group techniques close to the upper critical dimension d_c=sigma, with sigma<2. These results are then compared with Monte-Carlo simulations in d=1. For sigma close to unity in d=1, the critical point for the transition from an absorbing to an active phase occurs at zero branching. However, for sigma bigger than about 3/2 in d=1, the critical branching rate moves smoothly away from zero with increasing sigma, and the transition lies in a different universality class, inaccessible to controlled perturbative expansions. We measure the exponents in both universality classes and examine their behavior as a function of sigma.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Issues with the Material Point Method for geotechnical modelling, and how to address them

The Material Point Method (MPM) for solid mechanics was first proposed by Sulsky and coworkers in the 1990s. Since then it has been developing a growing band of followers not least because of its ability to handle large deformation problems with ease. This feature has more recently come to the notice of geotechnical researchers who have plenty of problems to solve involving large deformations. It is clear from recent publications, however, that many geotechnical researchers have found difficulties with the use of the MPM in a number of areas. In this paper we visit three of these problem areas and highlight solutions we have developed. It is to be hoped that this can remove some of the roadblocks to the use and further development of the MPM for geotechnical problems in future

On the use of the material point method to model problems involving large rotational deformation

The Material Point Method (MPM) is a quasi Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to solve solid mechanics problems involving large deformations. The standard MPM [1] discretises the physical domain using material points which are advected through a standard finite element background mesh. The method of mapping state variables back and forth between the material points and background mesh nodes in the MPM significantly influences the results. In the standard MPM (sMPM), a material point only influences its parent element (i.e. the background element in which it is located), which can cause spurious stress oscillations when material points cross between elements. The instability is due to the sudden transfer of stiffness between elements. It can also result in some elements having very little stiffness or some internal elements loosing all stiffness. Therefore, several extensions to the sMPM have been proposed, each of which replaces the material point with a deformable particle domain. The most notable of these extensions are the Generalised Interpolation Material Point (GIMP), the Convected Particle Domain Interpolation (CPDI1) and Second-order CPDI (CPDI2) methods [2]. In this paper, the sMPM, CPDI1 and CPDI2 approaches are unified for geometrically non-linear elasto-plastic problems using an implicit solver and their performance investigated for large rotational problems. This type of deformation is common in applications in the area of soil mechanics, for example the vane shear test and, specifically of interest here, the installation of screw piles. Screw piles are currently used as an onshore foundation solution and research being undertaken at Durham, Dundee and Southampton universities is exploring their use in the area of offshore renewables. The numerical modelling using the MPM aims to predict the installation torque and vertical force as well as understanding the “state” of the soil around the screw pile which is critical in understanding the long term performance of the foundation. In the analysis, the pile is assumed to be a rigid body and no-slip boundary condition is used at the pile-soil interface. The boundary condition is imposed using the moving mesh concept within an unstructured mesh fixed to the pile. It will be shown that the CPDI2 approach produces erroneous torque due to particle domain distortion, while the CPDI1 approach and sMPM predict physically realistic mechanical responses.<br/

The Alchemist

This investigation uses a recent methodology, essentially based on our evolutionary algorithm (EA) to get new insights about the energetics and structure of the first solvation shells of lithium ion in polar solvents that form important hydrogen bonds. We employed the EA to search for the low-energy structures of the Li+(H2O)n and Li+(CH3OH)n clusters (with n ⩽ 20) as modeled by commonly used rigid nonpolarizable force-field potentials. Particular emphasis is given to the characterization of the putative global minima; for Li+(H2O)17, the EA discovered a new global minimum with five water molecules directly coordinating the ion. Smaller-size clusters were, then, re-optimized by employing electronicstructure methods, namely, DFT (with the B3LYP functional and both the 6-31+G∗ and 6-311+G∗∗ basis sets) and MP2 (with the aug-cc-pVDZ basis set). In the case of Li+(H2O)n, the ab initio global minimum structures are similar to those obtained with the EA up to n = 10. However, for n = 17, the structure of the global minimum discovered by the EA is different from the lowest-energy cluster obtained after re-optimization at the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. Such energy reorder may be attributed to the water–water interaction. As for the Li+(CH3OH)n clusters, the re-optimization process leads more often to a reorder in the energy of the minimum structures. Thus, forfluxional clusters like the Li+(CH3OH)n ones that show a huge number of stationary configurations within a small energy window, it is mandatory to carefully choose various structures, besides the global minimum, to be re-optimized at the ab initio or DFT levels. Due to the difficulty on choosing adequate departing structures by the usually employed chemical intuition, we noticed that some low-energy minima (including the global one) of even small Li+(CH3OH)n clusters were missed in literature. We showcase this problem in the Li+(CH3OH)6 cluster, whose vibrational frequencies in the C–O stretching region and corresponding infrared intensities were calculated at the DFT level of theory and compared with previously reported results

Test of CPT Symmetry and Quantum Mechanics with Experimental data from CPLEAR

We use fits to recent published CPLEAR data on neutral kaon decays to $\pi^+\pi^-$ and $\pi e\nu$ to constrain the CPT--violation parameters appearing in a formulation of the neutral kaon system as an open quantum-mechanical system. The obtained upper limits of the CPT--violation parameters are approaching the range suggested by certain ideas concerning quantum gravity.Comment: 9 pages of uuencoded postscript (includes 3 figures

Measurements of high-energy neutron-induced fission of (nat)Pb and (209)Bi

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial License 3.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any noncommercial medium, provided the original work is properly citedThe CERN Neutron Time-Of-Flight (n_TOF) facility is well suited to measure low cross sections as those of neutron-induced fission in subactinides. The cross section ratios of (nat)Pb and (209)Bi relative to (235)U and (238)U were measured using PPAC detectors and a fragment coincidence method that allows us to identify the fission events. The present experiment provides first results for neutron-induced fission up to 1 GeV. Good agreement is found with previous experimental data below 200 MeV. The comparison with proton-induced fission indicates that the limiting regime where neutron-induced and proton-induced fission reach equal cross sections is close to 1 GeV