Leaving children without reasonable care and supervision: Between law and reality in Malaysia

Parents and guardians have a moral as well as a legal duty to exercise reasonable care and supervision on their children. Unfortunately, whether we realize it or not, there are several acts and omissions committed by these parents or guardians which are detrimental to the child concerned. One such omission is where the child is left without any reasonable care and supervision by his or her parents or guardian. Data and reports show that there are a number of reported cases of children being left without reasonable care and supervision which have resulted in casualties. Most of these reported cases show that the children were either trapped in their own houses or cars as a result of being locked from the outside by their parents or guardian. Due to the increase in the number of such cases, the legislature has made leaving children without reasonable care and supervision by the parents or guardian an offence under the Child Act 2001. Although it is an offence to leave children without reasonable care and supervision, it is sad to note that there are still cases where children are being left unattended for various reasons. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to examine the abovementioned problem as well as to look at the same from the perception of the respondents based on the research that has been conducted

Transformando talento en organizaciones sustentables: el desarrollo de emprendimientos de la economía creativa

A partir de una conferencia del diseñador gráfico Ronald Shakespear y su visión de lo que es trabajar en diseño, se inicia este trabajo preguntando cómo achicar la brecha entre el Diseño y la Administración; se presenta a la Economía Creativa como solución a este dilema. En el desarrollo se explica qué es este sector económico, sus características y alcances. Luego, se define al emprendedor creativo y cómo el contexto tecnológico está cambiando la cadena de valor y el financiamiento de este tipo de emprendimientos. Posteriormente, se analiza cómo la influencia del contexto humano y las sociedades creativas fortalecen el crecimiento del sector a partir del uso de las redes de vínculos y los espacios comunes, desde diversas miradas, y se propone el análisis de estos emprendimientos como organizaciones sociales. A modo de conclusión, se esbozan líneas de trabajo para que los profesionales de la Administración puedan vincularse con este sector, en miras de su potencial desarrollo y peso en la economía.From a conference of graphic designer Ronald Shakespear and his vision of what it is to work in design, this work starts wondering how to narrow the gap between design and management; the Creative Economy is presented as a solution to this dilemma. In the development the characteristics and scope of this economic sector are explained. Then the creative entrepreneur is defined and how the technological environment is changing the value chain and financing of such projects. Subsequently, we analyse how the influence of human context and creative partnerships strengthen the sector's growth from the use of networks of links and common spaces, from diverse perspectives, and analysis of these enterprises and social organizations is proposed. In conclusion, lines of work for professionals of the Admi nistration are outlined so that they can be linked to this sector, in view of its potential development and significance in the economy.Fil: Jal, Romina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina

Future Educators’ Gender Norms, Sexuality, and Reproductive Health.

This investigation explored gender-related norms, sexuality, and reproductive health among education students in a government university in Samar, Philippines. A descriptive-analytical design of study was adopted for this investigation and data were collected over a period of five months. Five hundred fifty (550) education students who were enrolled in the different year level completed the modified John Clelands’ Illustrative Questionnaire for Young People. Results indicated that 14.73% of the students reported having had early sexual experience where in 69.14 % had it unplanned. Among sexually active students, only 17.28% used contraception, with condoms and withdrawal as the most popular choices. Respondents were also found to have some misconceptions regarding HIV/AIDS and STI’s. Result also showed that dating was still acceptable, however, the idea of abortion and sexual coercion were considered wrong. No significant differences in the knowledge about HIV/AIDS and STI’s and gender norms were found across year level. Findings suggest a greater need for education, support and advocacy relative to sexuality so as to create a more positive school environment conducive for holistic growth and development of all students. Thus, school administrators should improve/enhance existing policies and programs relative to reproductive health among college students of the University such as health promotion activities, sexuality education, counseling and alike

Hypertexte et réseau : une expérience sur la rédaction interactive de textes

Sommaire du numéro :http://archive-edutice.ccsd.cnrs.fr/edutice-00000860Le but de cet article est de présenter les intérêts pédagogiques de l'utilisation d'un réseau comme aide à la rédaction de texte. Nous présentons ici un environnement interactif de production de texte qui a fait l'objet d'une expérimentation menée avec des étudiants sur la rédaction en « temps réel » d'un texte commun sur des postes différents. L'objectif d'un tel environnement est d'orienter la co-régulation des élèves sur l'actualisation des processus rédactionnels nécessaires à adoption de stratégies d'écriture plus performantes

Very fast relaxation in polycarbonate glass

Low-frequency Raman and inelastic neutron scattering of amorphous bis-phenol A polycarbonate is measured at low temperature, and compared. The vibrational density of states and light-vibration coupling coefficient are determined. The frequency dependences of these parameters are explained by propagating vibration modes up to an energy of about 1 meV, and fracton-like modes in more cohesive domains at higher energies. The vibrational dynamics is in agreement with a disorder in the glass, which is principally of bonding or of elasticity instead of density.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, to be pub. in EPJ

Jenayah dalam keluarga: Penderaan dan pengabaian warga tua di Malaysia

Kurangnya penulisan dan pendedahan kepada masyarakat di Malaysia mengenai kejadian penderaan atau pengabaian yang melibatkan warga tua sebagai mangsa tidak menjadikan salah satu bentuk jenayah dalam keluarga ini sebagai kurang serius. Pada masa yang sama, terdapat sebilangan daripada ahli masyarakat merasa ragu dan sukar untuk mempercayai bahawa ada ahli keluarga yang lebih tua menjadi mangsa penderaan atau pengabaian. Walau bagaimanapun, adalah jelas terdapat peningkatan dalam kes-kes penderaan yang melibatkan warga tua. Kajian-kajian terdahulu dan juga kes-kes yang telah dilaporkan juga menunjukkan bahawa kesan daripada penderaan atau pengabaian warga tua adalah serius sehingga boleh membawa kepada kematian. Disamping itu, terdapat juga keadaan yang mana warga tua ini dibiarkan hidup melarat oleh anak-anak mereka sendiri. Kejadian-kejadian ini telah mengundang persoalan apakah bentuk perlindungan terutamanya dari segi undang-undang yang telah disediakan oleh kerajaan Malaysia kepada rakyatnya terutama warga tua.Oleh itu, dalam artikel ini penulis ingin mengupas mengenai kerangka undang-undang yang sedia ada di Malaysia untuk menangani jenayah penderaan dan pengabaian warga tua

Innate Intracellular Antiviral Responses Restrict the Amplification of Defective Virus Genomes of Parainfluenza Virus 5.

During the replication of parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), copyback defective virus genomes (DVGs) are erroneously produced and are packaged into "infectious" virus particles. Copyback DVGs are the primary inducers of innate intracellular responses, including the interferon (IFN) response. While DVGs can interfere with the replication of nondefective (ND) virus genomes and activate the IFN-induction cascade before ND PIV5 can block the production of IFN, we demonstrate that the converse is also true, i.e., high levels of ND virus can block the ability of DVGs to activate the IFN-induction cascade. By following the replication and amplification of DVGs in A549 cells that are deficient in a variety of innate intracellular antiviral responses, we show that DVGs induce an uncharacterized IFN-independent innate response(s) that limits their replication. High-throughput sequencing was used to characterize the molecular structure of copyback DVGs. While there appears to be no sequence-specific break or rejoining points for the generation of copyback DVGs, our findings suggest there are region, size, and/or structural preferences selected for during for their amplification.IMPORTANCE Copyback defective virus genomes (DVGs) are powerful inducers of innate immune responses both in vitro and in vivo They impact the outcome of natural infections, may help drive virus-host coevolution, and promote virus persistence. Due to their potent interfering and immunostimulatory properties, DVGs may also be used therapeutically as antivirals and vaccine adjuvants. However, little is known of the host cell restrictions which limit their amplification. We show here that the generation of copyback DVGs readily occurs during parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) replication, but that their subsequent amplification is restricted by the induction of innate intracellular responses. Molecular characterization of PIV5 copyback DVGs suggests that while there are no genome sequence-specific breaks or rejoin points for the generation of copyback DVGs, genome region, size, and structural preferences are selected for during their evolution and amplification

La ganadería en los Pirineos: evolución, condicionantes y oportunidades

En la primera parte de este trabajo se revisan los cambios experimentados por los sistemas ganaderos de montaña durante los últimos años, en particular en los Pirineos Centrales españoles, y las implicaciones de esta evolución sobre la capacidad de autoreproducción o sostenibilidad de los agro-ecosistemas pastorales. Para facilitar la exposición se abordan por separado diversos factores de naturaleza: i) ambiental (relaciones entre la ganadería, el uso del suelo, la biodiversidad y el paisaje); ii) técnica (nivel de intensificación de los sistemas y de utilización de recursos propios); iii) económica (estructura de explotación, indicadores económicos y productividad); y iv) social (familia, otras actividades económicas y continuidad de la actividad), si bien todos ellos se encuentran íntimamente interrelacionados. En la segunda parte del trabajo se analizan someramente los posibles efectos de un entorno socio-económico crecientemente determinante sobre estos sistemas. Se abordan las relaciones entre la ganadería de montaña y: i) las políticas agrarias y el comercio internacional; ii) el desarrollo de otros sectores económicos y los condicionantes institucionales; iii) los mercados, los consumidores y las demandas sociales; y iv) la globalización y el cambio climático. El trabajo finaliza con una breve exposición de un análisis reciente de las debilidades, las fortalezas, las amenazas y las oportunidades (DAFO) de la ganadería de vacuno en los Pirineos Centrales.Publishe