The B subunits of cholera and Escherichia coli heat-labile toxins enhance the immune responses in mice orally immunised with a recombinant live P-fimbrial vaccine for avian pathogenic E. coli

This study aimed to investigate the adjuvant effect of recombinant attenuated Salmonella expressing cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) for the P-fimbriae subunit-based vaccine of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) in a murine model. The PapA-specific sIgA and IgG responses were significantly enhanced after immunisation with the Salmonella-PapA vaccine in the presence of CTB or LTB. The group immunised with the Salmonella-LTB strain promoted Th1-type immunity, whereas that immunised with the Salmonella-CTB strain produced Th2-type immunity. We concluded that both Salmonella-CTB and -LTB strains can enhance the immune response to PapA, and that the LTB strain may be a more effective adjuvant for APEC vaccination, which requires higher Th1-type immunity for protection. Thus, our findings provide evidence that immunisation with an adjuvant, LTB, is one of the strategies of developing effective vaccines against P-fimbriated APEC

PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN LUNGS OF RAT EXPOSED TO FOUNDRY ENVIRONMENT

Foundry industry is characterized by multitude of concomitantly occurring exposures such as silica dust, metal dust, various chemicals, noise, heat, radiations etc. Animal model Rat exposed to foundry environment showed pathophysiological changes. Aim of the experiment was to determine the effects of foundry environment on pathophysiological changes in lungs. Male albino rats were exposed in foundry environment for period of 8h, 16h and 24h. It was observed that increase in alveolar congestion leading to reduction in alveolar space, increased thickening of alveolar wall and blood vessels were according to increase in period of exposure as compared to normal. &nbsp

Identification of transition bias in oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 gene in buffalo

Aim: Though transition bias has been previously demonstrated in cattle, however, there has not been any study that has explored transition bias in buffalo nuclear genome. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nucleotide substitution pattern in the Intron I of Oxidised Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor 1 (OLR1) gene in four breeds of Indian buffalo using 24 different nucleotide substitution models and evaluate their association with DNA methylation. Materials and Methods: Transition/transversion bias (R) was estimated by 24 different nucleotide substitution models available in MEGA 5.0. The transition/transversion bias (R) was estimated under the Kimura 2-parameter model. Substitution patterns and the transitions/transversions rates (r) were then estimated by Tamura-Nei-I and Tamura-Nei-II models. The CpG Island search was done by using CpG Plot Island online Software available at European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) website. Results: The frequency of transition was found to be 3.5 times higher than that of the transversion mutation frequency. Out of 9 nucleotide substitutions, 7 transitions and 2 transversions were found. Among all the nucleotide substitutions, thymine to cytosine substitutions was observed to be very high. CpG Island search tool revealed that IntronI of OLR1 genes is a CpG rich region, thus prone to methylation. Conclusions: Higher transition frequency was found in the intronI of OLR1 gene, however due to the richness of methylated CpGs in the evaluated stretch of genome, the higher T↔C transitions could likely be a result of frequent deaminations of the methylated cytosines into thymines during the evolution of four buffalo breeds

Receptiveness of the stigma and in vitro germination of orange pollen, submitted to different temperatures

The study was carried out in order to evaluate the effect of temperature and in vitor stigma receptivity on regeneration of orange cultivar (Valência, Pêra and Natal) pollen. Two experiments were carried out, in the first the ideal temperature of germination was assessed. Pollen was obtained from flowers at the balloon stage and inoculated in culture medium with 10 g L-1 agar, 200 mg L-1 boric acid, 100 g L-1 sucrose, 800 mg L-1 calcium nitrate, pH adjusted to 6,5 and incubated in a BOD chamber at temperatures of 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27ºC during a 24-hour photoperiod. After 12 hours of incubation, the best temperature for pollen grain germination was 25ºC for all varieties. In a second experiment, in order to test the receptivity of the stigma, flowers were collected at different flowering stages: small bud, balloon and open flower. The stigmas were by immersion exposed to hydrogen peroxide (perioxidase reaction), 3% for 3 minutes. Through the technique of Zeisler (1938), better results were detected at the balloon stage with 80 to 100% receptivity, while for the open flower the receptivity presented maximum indexes.Objetivou-se determinar a melhor temperatura para a germinação de grãos de pólen e avaliar a receptividade do estigma das cultivares cítricas Valência, Pêra e Natal. Para avaliar a temperatura ideal de germinação, grãos de pólen foram obtidos de flores em estágio "balão" e inoculados em meio de cultura constituído por 10 g L-1 de ágar, 200 mg L-1 de ácido bórico, 100 g L-1 de sacarose, 800 mg L-1 de nitrato de cálcio, pH ajustado para 6,5 e incubado nas temperaturas de 23, 24, 25, 26 e 27ºC em estufa tipo D.B.O. e fotoperíodo constante de 24 horas. Após 12 horas de incubação, observou-se que a melhor temperatura de germinação de grãos de pólen é de 25ºC para todas as variedades. Para avaliar a receptividade do estigma, foram coletadas flores em diferentes estádios de florescimento: botão pequeno, balão e flor aberta. Os estigmas foram retirados e imersos em água oxigenada a 3% por 3 minutos. A liberação de bolhas de ar indica que o estigma está receptivo. Melhores resultados foram obtidos com a técnica de Zeisler (1938), no estágio de balão com 80 a 100% de receptividade, ao passo que a receptividade para a flor aberta apresentou os índices máximos

Phytochemicals as novel agents for the induction of browning in white adipose tissue

Obesity and its associated metabolic syndrome continue to be a health epidemic in westernized societies and is catching up in the developing world. Despite such increases, little headway has been made to reverse adverse weight gain in the global population. Few medical options exist for the treatment of obesity which points to the necessity for exploration of anti-obesity therapies including pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compounds. Defects in brown adipose tissue, a major energy dissipating organ, has been identified in the obese and is hypothesized to contribute to the overall metabolic deficit observed in obesity. Not surprisingly, considerable attention has been placed on the discovery of methods to activate brown adipose tissue. A variety of plant-derived, natural compounds have shown promise to regulate brown adipose tissue activity and enhance the lipolytic and catabolic potential of white adipose tissue. Through activation of the sympathetic nervous system, thyroid hormone signaling, and transcriptional regulation of metabolism, natural compounds such as capsaicin and resveratrol may provide a relatively safe and effective option to upregulate energy expenditure. Through utilizing the energy dissipating potential of such nutraceutical compounds, the possibility exists to provide a therapeutic solution to correct the energy imbalance that underlines obesity

Mortality In Thalassemic Patients From Solapur District, Maharashtra State, India

Objective: The aim of the present study is to surveying the mortality in thalassemic patients from Solapur   District, Maharashtra State, India. Methods: Present observational survey study, one hundred twenty five   clinically proved by their medical reports, cases of thalassemic children's with age 6 months to 18 Years,   coming for to get blood transfusion from different parts of Solapur district. Results: The results indicates   that the increased mortality during 11-15 years of age. As a result, transfusional iron overload can cause   increased morbidity and premature mortality in thalassemia patients. This study will be helpful in further   defining the morbidity and mortality in thalassemic patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i3.11717 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 03 July’12  </jats:p