Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcium intake, and bone mineral density in Spanish adults

Summary Vitamin D insufficiency is very common among Spanish community-dwelling adult subjects. A threshold of serum 25(OH)D around 30 ng/ml would be necessary for the prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism and hip bone loss in our population, regardless of the dairy calcium ingestion. Introduction This study aims to assess 25-hydroxyvitamin D?25(OH)D?status in Spanish adult subjects and to analyze its relationships with serum PTH levels, calcium intake, and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods A total of 1811 individuals (1154 postmenopausal women and 657 men) aged 44?93 years participated in the study. Serum 25(OH)D, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), aminoterminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP), and Cterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (?-CTX) levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence. BMD was determined by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip. Results Serum 25(OH)D levels were below 10, 20, and 30 ng/ml in 5, 40, and 83%of participants, respectively. There was a significant seasonal difference in mean serum 25(OH)D, with higher levels in summer?autumn. In multivariate analysis, 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with age, serum PTH and creatinine, body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, and a number of chronic diseases, but positively with dairy calcium intake. The magnitude of the difference in serum PTH according to 25(OH)D quartiles was not influenced by calcium intake. A threshold of serum 25(OH)D around 30 ng/ml was observed for serum PTH and hip BMD. Conclusions Vitamin D insufficiency is very common among Spanish community-dwelling adult subjects. A threshold of serum 25(OH)D around 30 ng/ml would be necessary for the prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism and hip bone loss in our population, regardless of the dairy calcium ingestion. Programs to improve vitamin D status may be required in our country

Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D

The aim of the study was to compare the structural and functional parameters of the myocardium in different genotypes of polymorphic markers BsmI (B/b) (rs1544410) and FokI (F/f) (rs2228570) of the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) in individuals with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Materials and Methods. We examined 198 patients with CVD. BsmI and FokI of the VDR gene were determined by the polymerase chain reaction. The blood levels of parathyroid hormone, 25(OH)D total, endothelin-1, plasma renin activity were revealed by the method of enzyme immunoassay. The calcium and phosphorus level in the blood was defined by the colorimetric method. Echocardiography was performed by GE Logic P5 Premium (Korea) with a phased sector sensor with a frequency of 2–4 MHz in the modes M-, B-, PW, CW. Results. All participants were divided into groups according to genotypes of FokI and BsmI of the VDR gene. For each polymorphism, the groups were comparable in age, CVD, blood pressure, heart rate, body mass index and levels of the estimated biomarkers. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the sizes of the aorta and the left atrium (LA), in the sizes and volumes of the left ventricle (LV) and its walls, the diameter of the LV outlet tract and the ejection fraction between the groups with the genotypes of FF and ff were established. In addition, differences (p < 0.05) were found in the aorta size, LA and interventricular septum between the groups with the genotypes of ff and Ff. According to the genotypes of BsmI of the VDR gene, the groups did not differ significantly in the estimated structural and functional parameters of the myocardium and aorta. Hypertrophy of the LV is diagnosed in 78.6 % of participants. Conclusions. Polymorphism of FokI, but not of BsmI of the VDR gene is associated with structural and functional parameters of the myocardium and aorta in individuals with CVD in the Grodno region of Belarus. With the greatest frequency, LV hypertrophy occurs with Ff (37.9 %) and Bb (33.8 %).Цель исследования – сравнение структурно-функциональных показателей миокарда при разных генотипах полиморфных маркеров BsmI (B/b) (rs1544410) и FokI (F/f) (rs2228570) гена рецептора витамина D (VDR) у лиц с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями (ССЗ). Материалы и методы. Обследовано 198 пациентов с ССЗ. Определение BsmI и FokI гена VDR проводили методом полимеразной цепной реакции. Содержание в крови паратиреоидного гормона, 25(OH)D общего, эндотелина-1, активность ренина плазмы определяли методом иммунофер- ментного анализа. Определение в крови уровня кальция и фосфора проводилось колориметрическим методом. Эхо- кардиография выполнялась аппаратом GE Logic P5 Premium (Корея) фазированным секторным датчиком с частотой 2–4 мГц в режимах М-, В-, PW, CW. Результаты. Все обследованные были разделены на группы по генотипам FokI и BsmI гена VDR. При каждом полиморфизме группы были сопоставимы по возрасту, ССЗ, значениям артериального давления, частоте сердечных сокращений, индексу массы тела и уровням оцененных биомаркеров. Установлены достоверные (p < 0,05) отличия по размерам отделов аорты, левого предсердия (ЛП), размерам и объемам левого желудочка (ЛЖ) и его стенок, диаметром выходного тракта ЛЖ и фракцией выброса между группами с генотипом FF и ff. Кроме того, установлены отличия (p < 0,05) по размерам отделов аорты, ЛП и толщиной межжелудочковой перегородки между группами с генотипом ff и Ff. По генотипам BsmI гена VDR группы достоверно не отличались по оцененным структурно-функциональным показателям миокарда и аорты. Гипертрофия ЛЖ диагностирована у 78,6 % обследованных. Заключение. Полиморфизм FokI, но не BsmI гена VDR ассоциирован со структурно-функциональными показателями миокарда и аорты у лиц с ССЗ у жителей Гродненского региона Беларуси. С наибольшей частотой гипертрофия ЛЖ встречается при Ff (37,9 %) и Bb (33,8 %) генотипах.