Spastische Parese der Arme und schlaffe Plegie der Beine bei sekundär-progredienter Multipler Sklerose

Substanzinduzierte psychotische Störungen (SIPS) sind häufig und für ca. 25 % der ersten Einweisungen in eine psychiatrische Klinik verantwortlich. Aus klinischer Sicht ist aufgrund ähnlicher psychopathologischer Phänomene die diagnostische Unterscheidung zwischen SIPS und primären (genuinen oder kryptogenen) psychotischen Störungen oft eine Herausforderung. Dieser Umstand wird dadurch erschwert, dass SIPS im Zusammenhang mit Cannabis, Halluzinogenen und Amphetaminen ein erhebliches Risiko des Übergangs in eine primäre psychotische Störung (z. B. Schizophrenie) haben. Im ersten Abschnitt dieser Arbeit werden zunächst zwei exemplarische Fallvignetten aus der allgemeinpsychiatrischen und forensischen Praxis vorgestellt. Danach wird im Sinne einer selektiven Literaturübersicht die Relevanz der differenzialdiagnostischen Unterscheidung beider Störungsbilder aus der Sicht der allgemeinen und forensischen Psychiatrie in Bezug auf Therapie, Prognose und richterliche Entscheidung bezüglich der Unterbringung im Maßregelvollzug (§ 63 vs. § 64 StGB) beleuchtet. Der letzte Abschnitt hat das Ziel, ein strukturiertes Vorgehen zur differenzialdiagnostischen Unterscheidung zwischen SIPS und primären psychotischen Störungen zu erarbeiten. Die in dieser Arbeit dargestellten und diskutierten Konzepte und Befunde sollen klinisch tätigen Psychiatern und Psychologen die Diagnosestellung im allgemeinen und forensischen Kontext erleichtern

Identification of Potential Probiotics Producing Bacteriocins Active against Listeria monocytogenes by a Combination of Screening Tools

Listeria monocytogenes is an important food-borne pathogen and a serious concern to food industries. Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced naturally by a wide range of bacteria mostly belonging to the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which also comprises many strains used as starter cultures or probiotic supplements. Consequently, multifunctional strains that produce bacteriocins are an attractive approach to combine a green-label approach for food preservation with an important probiotic trait. Here, a collection of bacterial isolates from raw cow’s milk was typed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI-Biotyping and supernatants were screened for the production of antimicrobial compounds. Screening was performed with live Listeria monocytogenes biosensors using a growth-dependent assay and pHluorin, a pH-dependent protein reporting membrane damage. Purification by cation exchange chromatography and further investigation of the active compounds in supernatants of two isolates belonging to the species Pediococcus acidilactici and Lactococcus garvieae suggest that their antimicrobial activity is related to heat-stable proteins/peptides that presumably belong to the class IIa bacteriocins. In conclusion, we present a pipeline of methods for high-throughput screening of strain libraries for potential starter cultures and probiotics producing antimicrobial compounds and their identification and analysis.</jats:p

Identification of Potential Probiotics Producing Bacteriocins Active against Listeria monocytogenes by a Combination of Screening Tools

Listeria monocytogenes is an important food-borne pathogen and a serious concern to food industries. Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced naturally by a wide range of bacteria mostly belonging to the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which also comprises many strains used as starter cultures or probiotic supplements. Consequently, multifunctional strains that produce bacteriocins are an attractive approach to combine a green-label approach for food preservation with an important probiotic trait. Here, a collection of bacterial isolates from raw cow’s milk was typed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI-Biotyping and supernatants were screened for the production of antimicrobial compounds. Screening was performed with live Listeria monocytogenes biosensors using a growth-dependent assay and pHluorin, a pH-dependent protein reporting membrane damage. Purification by cation exchange chromatography and further investigation of the active compounds in supernatants of two isolates belonging to the species Pediococcus acidilactici and Lactococcus garvieae suggest that their antimicrobial activity is related to heat-stable proteins/peptides that presumably belong to the class IIa bacteriocins. In conclusion, we present a pipeline of methods for high-throughput screening of strain libraries for potential starter cultures and probiotics producing antimicrobial compounds and their identification and analysis