The promised city: openness and immigration in the making of a world metropolis

This article was the keynote address for a conference organized by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York in April 2005, "Urban Dynamics in New York City." The goal of the conference was threefold: to examine the historical transformations of the engine-of-growth industries in New York and distill the main determinants of the city's historical dominance as well as the challenges to its continued success; to study the nature and evolution of immigration flows into New York; and to analyze recent trends in a range of socioeconomic outcomes, both for the general population and recent immigrants more specifically.Economic conditions - New York (N.Y.) ; Federal Reserve District, 2nd ; Immigrants

Effects of virus infection on release of volatile organic compounds from insect-damaged bean, Phaseolus vulgaris

Insects can serve as important vectors of plant pathogens, especially viruses. Insect feeding on plants causes the systemic release of a wide range of plant volatile compounds that can serve as an indirect plant defense by attracting natural enemies of the herbivorous insect. Previous work suggests that the Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis) prefers to feed on plants infected by either of two viruses that it is known to transmit: Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) or Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV). A possible explanation for the preferred feeding on virus-infected tissues is that the beetles are attracted by volatile signals released from leaves. The purpose of this work was to determine whether volatile compounds from virus-infected plants are released differentially from those emitted by uninfected plants. To test the hypothesis, common bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Black Valentine) were inoculated with either BPMV, SBMV, or a mixture of both viruses, and infected plants were compared to uninfected plants. An Ouchterlony assay was used with SBMVand BPMV-specific antisera to confirm the presence of virus in inoculated plants. RNA blot analysis was performed on tissue from each plant and indicated that a well-characterized defense gene, encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), was not induced in systemic tissue following virus infection. Plant volatiles were collected—and analyzed via gas chromatography (GC)—from plants that were either undamaged or beetle-damaged. In undamaged plants, there were no measurable differences in profiles or quantities of compounds released by uninfected and virus-infected plants. After Mexican bean beetles were allowed to feed on plants for 48 h, injured plants released several compounds that were not released from undamaged plants. Lower quantities of volatile compounds were released from virus-infected plants suggesting that enhanced release of plant-derived volatile organic compounds is not the cause for attraction of Mexican bean beetles to virus-infected plants

Mems device with large out-of-plane actuation and low-resistance interconnect and methods of use

Source: United States Patent and Trademark Office, www.uspto.gov”The present application is directed to a MEMS device. The MEMS device includes a substrate having a first end and a second end extending along a longitudinal axis, the Substrate including an electrostatic actuator. The device also includes a movable plate having a first end and a second end. The device also includes a thermal actuator having a first end coupled to the first end of the substrate and a second end coupled to the first end of the plate. The actuator moves the plate in relation to the substrate. Further, the device includes a power source electrically coupled to the thermal actuator and the Substrate. The application is also directed to a method for operating a MEMS device

Differences in Dolphin Mortality Rates in Night and Day Sets for the U.S. Eastern Tropical Pacific Tuna Purse Seine Fishery

Because dolphins sometimes travel with yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP), purse seiners use the dolphins to locate and capture tuna schools. During the process of setting the purse seine nets, dolphins often become entangled and drown before they can be released. Data for the U.S. purse seine fleet in the ETP during 1979-88 show that dolphin mortality rates in sets made during the night are higher than mortality rates in sets made during the day. Even with efforts to reduce nightset mortality rates through the use of high intensity floodlights, night set mortality rates remain higher. The data are also used to simulate a regulation on the fishery aimed at eliminating night sets and show that dolphin mortality rates would decrease

Cholinergic suppression: A postsynaptic mechanism of long-term associative learning

Food avoidance learning in the mollusc Pleurobranchaea entails reduction in the responsiveness of key brain interneurons in the feeding neural circuitry, the paracerebral feeding command interneurons (PCNs), to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (AcCho). Food stimuli applied to the oral veil of an untrained animal depolarize the PCNs and induce the feeding motor program (FMP). Atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) reversibly blocks the food-induced depolarization of the PCNs, implicating AcCho as the neurotransmitter mediating food detection. AcCho applied directly to PCN somata depolarizes them, indicating that the PCN soma membrane contains AcCho receptors and induces the FMP in the isolated central nervous system preparation. The AcCho response of the PCNs is mediated by muscariniclike receptors, since comparable depolarization is induced by muscarinic agonists (acetyl-ß -methylcholine, oxotremorine, pilocarpine), but not nicotine, and blocked by muscarinic antagonists (atropine, trifluoperazine). The nicotinic antagonist hexamethonium, however, blocked the AcCho response in four of six cases. When specimens are trained to suppress feeding behavior using a conventional food-avoidance learning paradigm (conditionally paired food and shock), AcCho applied to PCNs in the same concentration as in untrained animals causes little or no depolarization and does not initiate the FMP. Increasing the concentration of AcCho 10-100 times, however, induces weak PCN depolarization in trained specimens, indicating that learning diminishes but does not fully abolish AcCho responsiveness of the PCNs. This study proposes a cellular mechanism of long-term associative learning -- namely, postsynaptic modulation of neurotransmitter responsiveness in central neurons that could apply also to mammalian species

Helium distributions in ocean island basalt olivines revealed by X-ray computed tomography and single-grain crushing experiments

X-ray computed tomography of individual olivine crystals in basalts from Ofu and Olosega islands, American Samoa, reveals that a small fraction of the olivines contain the vast majority of the fluid inclusions. Single-grain crushing experiments demonstrate that He and CO_2 reside primarily in these inclusions. Low CO_2 pressures in most grains, corresponding to depths of less than 1 km, provide evidence of ubiquitous decrepitation and associated pressure reduction in the fluid inclusions. Even so, the olivines with the highest inclusion volumes yielded sufficient He to obtain precise He concentrations and isotopic compositions. Within analytical uncertainty, ^3He/^4He ratios are homogeneous among the olivines from each basalt, but among basalts, the ratios range from 21 to 35 Ra. The total range in C/^3He ratio within the analyzed olivines is from 3.6 × 10^7 to 1.5 × 10^(10), and varies by nearly an order of magnitude within the olivines from each basalt. We postulate that this wide range of C/^3He ratios is caused by grain-scale decoupling of C and ^3He due to extensive He diffusion out of fluid inclusions through the olivine lattice during magma ascent and cooling. If so, primary Ofu-Olosega magmas probably had C/^3He ratios less than 4 × 10^8, which is lower than previous estimates for hotspot magmas

Nurses\u27 Alumnae Association Bulletin - Volume 4 Number 7

Welcome Home Jefferson Unit Honored by Army Sincere Thanks Treasurer Report Calendar of Events Graduate Nurses\u27 Chorus Lest You Forget Attention Hi-Light of the Alumnae Association Meetings Ambitions for Alumnae Association Notice! Items to Remember Baccalaureate Service Graduating Class Private Duty News Central Dressing Room and Transfusion Unit Card Party Held The Clara Melville Scholarship Fund Staff News Notes on Urologic Nursing Capping Exercises The Poet\u27s Corner Pylephlebitis Student Nurse\u27s View Point The Transfusion Unit Improvements in the Nurses\u27 Home Jefferson Medical College Hospital School of Nursing Faculty Nurses Taking Advanced Courses Nurses in Anesthesia The Student Nurses\u27 Loan Fund A New and Improved Department for Diseases of the Chest Miscellaneous Items Jefferson\u27s Main Kitchen Activities Medical College News Purchasing Procedures Pinky Patter Flash! Class of 1932 Condolences Positions Thirty-Eighth General Hospital Nurses\u27 Reunion Engagements Marriages New Arrivals Deaths The Bulletin Committee Attention Alumnae New Addresse