35 research outputs found
Caractérisation de l'hydrodynamique et du transfert de matière dans des installations miniaturisées (mini et micro-échelle)
Les travaux de recherche présentés dans ce manuscrit concernent la caractérisation de l hydrodynamique et de l intensification du transfert de matière dans des installations miniaturisées de tailles millimétriques et micrométriques. Ce sujet se situe à l interface entre le domaine de la microfluidique et celui du génie chimique où la diminution de la taille des procédés est un challenge à l heure actuelle. Deux cellules de travail ont fait l objet d études. La première est constituée d un réseau de minicanaux croisés, de section carrée et de côté égal à 1,5 mm. Des mesures de chutes de pression et de transfert de matière global à partir d une méthode électrochimique permettent une caractérisation globale du mini-réseau et une comparaison des résultats avec ceux obtenus dans les milieux poreux. L étude hydrodynamique locale permet une approche multi-échelles comprenant des mesures PIV et des mesures locales du gradient pariétal de vitesse à partir de microsondes électrochimiques affleurant en paroi. Une analyse spectrale des signaux électrochimiques a permis à la caractérisation des régimes d écoulement, la reconnaissance des structures tourbillonnaires et la mise en évidence des phénomènes d intermittence en proche paroi. Le second système, d échelle micrométrique, est constitué de deux microcanaux se croisant à angle droit gravés dans une cellule en plexiglass. Des mesures du gradient pariétal de vitesse à partir de la méthode électrochimiques sont comparées à des simulations numériques réalisées à l aide du logiciel Fluent et deux configurations d écoulement ont été testées dont l'une favorisant les opérations de mélange.The research works presented in this memory are devoted to the flow characterization and mass transfer enhancement in miniaturized systems of millimetre and micrometer in size. This topic is located at the interface between the microfluidic area and the chemical engineering for which the reduction in size of the processes is a challenge. The experimental study concern two: The first one is composed of a network of crossing minichannels of square section 1.5 mm in side. Pressure drops and global mass transfer measurements realized using an electrochemical technique allowed the global characterization of the mini-network and a comparison of the results with those obtained in porous media. The local hydrodynamics study allows a multi-scale approach involving PIV measurements and wall shear rate measurements from electrochemical microprobes flush-mounted to the wall. A spectral analysis of the electrochemical signals allows the flow regimes identification, recognition of the vortices structure and the study of intermittency phenomenon in the near wall location The second cell, at a micrometric scale, made in a plexiglass cell which is composed of two microchannels intersecting at right angle. Wall shear rate measurements from the electrochemical technique have been compared with numerical simulations using the Fluent software. Two flow configurations have been carried out in order to enhance mixing process. The impinging-flow is found to be favourable to mixing, due to the formation of instabilities and high shear stress conditions into the focusing zone of the fluid stream.NANTES-BU Sciences (441092104) / SudocNANTES-Ecole Centrale (441092306) / SudocSudocFranceF
ETUDE DE LA FLUIDISATION DE PARTICULES DE FORMES DIVERSES PAR DES LIQUIDES NON-NEWTONIENS
NANTES-Ecole Centrale (441092306) / SudocNANTES-BU Sciences (441092104) / SudocSudocFranceF
A new model for determining mean structure parameters of fixed beds from pressure drop measurements: application to beds packed with parallelepipedal particles
Mass transfer and energy aspects for forced flow through packed beds of long cylindrical particles
Liquid—solid mass transfer in packed beds of parallelepipedal particles: energetic correlation
Electrodiffusion diagnostics of the flow inside crossing microchannels
International audienc
Flow of non-Newtonian fluids in fixed and fluidised beds
An attempt has been made to reconcile and to critically analyze the voluminous literature available on the flow of rheologically complex fluids through unconsolidated fixed beds and fluidised beds. In particular, consideration is given to the prediction of macro-scale phenomena of flow regimes, pressure drop in fixed and fluidised beds, minimum fluidisation velocity, dispersion and liquid-solid mass transfer. Available scant results seem to suggest that flow patterns qualitatively similar to that observed for Newtonian fluids, can be expected for the flow of purely viscous non-Newtonian fluids. A Reynolds number based on the effective pore size and pore velocity is seen to be a convenient parameter for the delineation of these flow regimes. Out of the four approaches available, the generalisation of the capillary model, due to Comiti and Renaud (Chem. Engng. Sci. 44 (1989) 1539-1545), appears to be the best for the estimation of the pressure drop through fixed beds. This method requires the flow rate - pressure drop data for the flow of a Newtonian fluid, such as air or water, through the same bed to evaluate the two key parameters, namely, the tortuosity and the dynamic surface area. While this approach can accommodate non-spherical particle shape and the wall effects and encompasses all possible flow regimes, it is limited to the situations where the polymer-wall interactions are negligible. Similarly, based on a combination of the capillary and drag models, satisfactory expressions have been identified for the prediction of the minimum fluidising velocity and velocity-voidage behaviour of uniformly expanded fluidised beds for power-law liquids and beds of spherical particles. Little is known about the effect of particle shape and column walls on these parameters. Even less work has been reported on dispersion and liquid-solid mass transfer in packed and fluidised beds, and no theoretical or experimental results seem to be available on heat transfer in these systems. Therefore, the expressions for the prediction of Peclet and Sherwood numbers presented herein must be regarded as somewhat tentative at this stage. Finally, little definitive and quantitative information is available on the role of viscoelasticity and of the effects arising from polymer/wall interactions, polymer retention, etc
Mixing characterization and energetic dissipation in different networks of minichannels
International audienc
Hydrodynamique et transferts dans des colonnes garnies de particules présentant une distribution de taille (application aux procédés de dépollution par adsorption de composés organiques en lit fixe)
Ce travail a pour objectif de caractériser l'hydrodynamique et le transfert de matière externe mis en jeu lors du procédé d'adsorption au sein de lits de charbon actif en grain, afin de modéliser la cinétique d'adsorption en dynamique. En premier lieu, ce travail porte sur la détermination de différents paramètres structuraux inhérents aux particules ou aux lits formés de ces particules, telle que la surface d'échange des particules " vue " par l'écoulement. La seconde étape de cette étude est consacrée à l'évaluation du coefficient de transfert externe en fonction de l'écoulement du fluide au sein de ces lits fixes. La dernière partie de l'étude consiste en une approche expérimentale et numérique de l'adsorption d'un polluant type sur des lits fixes d'extrudés en réacteur continu. Un modèle prédictif de courbes de percée adapté à la géométrie cylindrique des particules de charbon et prenant en compte le transfert externe et la diffusion de surface intraparticulaire a été proposé.The objective of this work is to characterise the hydrodynamic and the external mass transfer within granular activated carbon fixed beds to model the adsorption kinetic in dynamics. In the first part of this work, the determination of characteristic structural parameters of particles or of fixed beds formed by these particles such as the surface area of the fixed bed particles really offered by the flow, was made. The second part of this study is devoted to the evaluation of the liquid-solid mass transfer coefficient according to the fluid flow rate through the studied fixed beds. The last part of this study presents an experimental and an numerical approach of the continuous adsorption process of a standard pollutant on extruded activated carbon fixed beds. A predictive model of breakthrough curve applied to the cylindrical geometry of activated carbon particles and taking into account the external mass transfer and the surface porous diffusion inside the grain was proposed.NANTES-BU Sciences (441092104) / SudocNANTES-Ecole Centrale (441092306) / SudocSudocFranceF
