Study of the red cell indices, hemogram and platelet variations in anaemic (

Background: Anemia is not a disease but it is the expression of underlying diseases and from the treatment point of view, it is necessary to identify the cause of anemia. The definition of anemia is as decrease in the number of red blood cells or the decreased percentage of hemoglobin in the blood. Anemia is such an important issue affecting a large population in India as well as worldwide, Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate the red cell indices, haemogram and study the relation of platelet count with anaemia in anaemic (<10gm%) patients by automatic cell counter in Vikhe Patil Medical hospital.Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional study. The sample size of research project was 100 patients, included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: In present study, equal numbers of patients suffer from macrocytic normochromic anemia and hyperchromic anemia, that is, 8 patients of each. Out of 100 patients, 61% patients showed decreased platelet count. Maximum percentage of anaemic patients showed decreased platelet count in the range of 2.5-1.5 lakhs. Least percentage of patients (16%) showed platelet count less than 0.5 lakhs/cmm3.Conclusions: Screening for anaemia, treatment of anaemic women, and availability and use of food fortification (wheat flour with iron and folic acid), milk, sugar and salt with iron to build long term iron stores remains the key to reduce anemia in adolescent and pregnant women. Consumption of cheap iron-rich foodstuffs should be promoted. Effective poverty alleviation and hookworm prevention programs are also important

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Biological Potential of Tribulus terrestris

Plants have a significant role in preserving human health and improving quality of life. gokshura (Tribulus terrestris Linn.) one of such plants, is mentioned in Ayurvedic texts for various therapeutic properties like balya(strengthening),  brimhana (nutritive), rasayana(rejuvenator), mootrala(diuretic), shothahara(anti-inflammatory), vajikarana (aphrodisiac) etc. and useful in the management of mutrakrichhra (dysurea), ashmari (renal calculi) etc. It is a perennial plant, grown predominantly in India and Africa. Its extract contains alkaloids, saponins, resins, flavanoids and nitrates. As its therapeutic values, a review has been done to gather information on different aspects of gokshura. Further Ayurvedic references, the present paper also emphasizes on recent researches carried out on this plant for its pharmacological evaluation. Keywords: Tribulus terrestris, Diuretic, Pharmacolog

Coverage Aware Sleep Scheduling in Wireless Sensor Networks

In a randomly deployed wireless sensor network coverage is a fundamental issue to monitor the region of interest without leaving any area unmonitored. With limited battery of a senor node this poses a big challenge. One way to maintain good coverage and extend the network lifetime is to deploy sensors in high density and schedule them to sleep between active cycles. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to schedule the sensor sleep based on the area of overlapped coverage with neighboring sensors. First Euclidean distance of the nodes based on which the nodes placement in the intended coverage area is determined then overlap nodes are determined, multiple nodes with similar sensing range will go to sleep mode thereby keeping only one node in the active state. Simulations results show that this algorithm achieves better performance in terms of coverage efficiency than PEAS algorithm. &nbsp

Transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy versus microdiscectomy: an Indian rural experience

Background: The objective of the study was to compare surgical outcome of micro-discectomy with transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for single level lumbar disc herniation in Indian rural population.Methods: Retrospective comparative study was designed during the period of October 2012 to June 2015, patients in the age group of 22-75 years with unremitting sciatica with/without back pain, and/or a neurological deficit that correlated with appropriate level and side of neural compression as revealed on MRI, with single level lumbar disc herniation who underwent either microdiscectomy or TPELD were included in the study. Patients were assessed on visual analogue scale (VAS) for back and leg pain, modified macnabs criteria, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).Results: Group I (MD) included 44 patients and Group II (TPELD) included 20 patients. Significant improvement was seen in claudication symptom post-operatively in both MD and TPELD. Mean operating time was significantly shorter in MD group (1.11 hrs vs. 1.32 hrs; p<0.01). According to modified MacNab's criteria, outcome were excellent (81.8%), good (9.09%) and fair (9.09%) in MD. Similarly, in TPELD, 80%, 15% and 5% patients had excellent, good and fair outcome respectively. In both groups, no one had a poor outcome. Thus, overall success rate was 100% in the study.Conclusions: TPELD and MD have comparable post-operative outcome in most of the efficacy parameters in Indian rural patients undergoing treatment of single level lumbar disc herniation. Additionally, TPELD offers distinct advantages such as performed under local anaesthesia, preservation of structure, lesser post-operative pain and early mobilization and discharge from hospital

Epidemiology, clinico-biochemistry and evaluation of treatment modalities for the management of osteomalacia in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

The present study was planned for investigations on epidemiology, clinco-biochemical and radiological aspects and therapeutic management of osteomalacia in buffaloes. Overall hospital incidence of osteomalcia in buffaloes was 8.31% with higher incidence during mid lactation in high yielding buffaloes exclusively fed on dry fodder. The characteristic clinical signs observed were progressive loss of body weight, shifting lameness, stif gait, arching of back as well as difficulty in lifting chest portion and keeping on knee joint for longer time while getting up. Significant decrease in hemoglobin, total erythrocyte count and haematocrit while increase in MCV and granulocyte count was observed in afected buffaloes as compared to healthy buffaloes. Highly significant decrease in mean plasma inorganic phosphorus, significant decrease in calcium and highly significant increase in alkaline phosphatase levels was observed in osteomalacia afected buffaloes. Radiographic examination revealed proliferation of osteophytes in carpal bones, demineralization of canon bones and osteolytic changes indicated by decreased radiographic density in last few coccygeal vertebrae. For evaluating the efcacy of different treatment modalities in osteomalacia, ailing buffaloes were divided in to three groups (n=10). Group I, II and III buffaloes were treated with mineral mixture, bufered phosphorus and bufered phosphorus with mineral mixture respectively. The overall recovery period was significantly lower (27.1±4.05 days) in Group III compared to Group II (39.2±4.2 days) and Group I (40.5±3.72 days) buffaloes. On the basis of recovery period and restoration of biochemical parameters combined treatment with parenteral bufered phosphorus preparation and mineral mixture proved most effective in management of osteomalacia in buffaloes

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of β-mannanase on Jejunal Histomorphology, Microbial Count and Immune Organs of Broilers Fed with Low Energy

This experiment is aimed to study the effect of non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzyme “β-mannanase” on alleviating the negative effects of dietary mannans on the gut health and immunity of broilers fed a low-energy diet. A Six-week experiment was conducted in deep litter housing system on total 300, day-old straight-run broiler chicks (Cobb-430Y strain) randomly divided into five groups, containing 60 chicks per group, with three replicates of 20 chicks in each. The diets were positive control (PC): Standard control diet, Negative Control-1 (NC1): 75 kcal/kg less ME than standard diet, Negative Control-2 (NC2): 100 kcal/kg less ME than standard diet, NC1 + BM: NC1 + 100g /ton β-mannanase, and NC2 + BM: NC2 + 100g /ton β-mannanase (Natupulse® TS). The broilers were fed with corn-soybean meal-based diet in pre-starter (0-14 days), starter (15-28 days), and finisher (29-42 days) phases. The diets formulated were non-isocaloric and iso-nitrogenous in nature. The pre-starter, starter, and finisher diets of PC contained 3,000, 3,125, and 3,250 kcal/kg metabolic energy (ME); and 22.50, 21, 19.5% crude protein, respectively. The jeunal histomorphology (Vill height, width, crypt depth, villi height to crypt depth ratio, and goblet cell count), Jejunal microbial count (Lactobacillus, E. coli and Total Viable Count) and relative weights of immune organ (Spleen, Bursa of Fabricius and Thymus) were studied on 35th day age.    The β-mannanase supplementation in low-energy diet significantly (P < .05) lowered crypt depth, increased villus height: crypt depth ratio and lowered goblet cell count in the Jejunum compared to PC and negative controls (NC1 and NC2), indicating that β-mannanase helps to improve gut health. A significant (P < .05) decrease in goblet cell count in Jejunal villi of the small intestine in β-mannanase supplemented groups indicated that the β-mannanase alleviates the negative effects of mannans-containing diets that might help in reducing intestinal viscosity. The β-mannanase addition significantly improved the weights of immune organs like the spleen, bursa of fabricius, and thymus, indicating a better immune response. The β-mannanase significantly (P < .01) improved Lactobacillus count and decreased the E coli count of jejunal content. Results conclude that supplementation of β-mannanase @ 100g/ton in low-energy diets (75 and or 100 kcal/kg less ME) alleviates negative effects of dietary mannans and significantly improves gut health and immunity

Enhancing Growth of Vigna radiata

Exopolysaccharide producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 2945 (PANCL) belonging to gamma-proteobacterium and entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae MCC 1129 (MAMCC) belonging to Ascomycota were studied for their morphological features biochemical characteristics and plant growth promotion ability. Optimum growth of PANCL was recorded after 24 h at temperature 30°C and pH 7.0. Gram-negative PANCL appeared as white in color, one mm size, circular, opaque, and nonconsistent elevated colonies with entire margin. It has utilized dextrose, fructose, maltose, and sorbitol as carbon source and produced acid in the medium. PANCL was sensitive to Polymyxin B (300 µgm/disc) followed by Neomycin (30 µgm/disc), Gentamycin (10 µgm/disc), and Chloramphenicol (30 µgm/disc). PANCL has secreted extracellular lipase, amylase, protease, and exopolysaccharides (EPS). Another fungal strain MAMCC sporulated after 168 h at temperature 30°C and pH 7.0. MAMCC has septate-white mycelium and bears dirty green colored spores. Growth of MAMCC was enhanced in the presence of Neem and Karela-Amla oil (0.1 mL each). Extracellular polysaccharide produced by PANCL and spores of MAMCC promoted growth of dicotyledon Vigna radiata (Mung) individually as well as in consortium. Considerable increase in dry weight of Vigna radiata was recorded. Thus, reported PANCL and MAMCC strains have promoted growth Vigna radiata and may be a solution for sustainable agriculture

Studies on some free living protozoan from Salim Ali lake. Aurangabad

Protozoa are one-celled animals found worldwide in most habitats. Most species are free living, but all higher animals are infected with one or more species of protozoa. Infections range from asymptomatic to life threatening, depending on the species and strain of the parasite and the resistance of the host. Present study deals with the free living protozoa inhabiting fresh water bodies. The factor which influence their distribution and population in a given water bodies temperature, light, pH, chemical composition, acidity, and amount of food present in water and degree of adaptability of the individual protozoa to various environmental changes.&nbsp

Study of interleukin-6 levels in early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis

Background:Neonatal septicemia is one of the commonest causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Interleukin-6 Levels appears to be one of the most promising candidate cytokine for early diagnosis of neonatal septicaemia. The aim and objectives of this study was to study the role of IL-6 levels as an early marker for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis and to compare IL-6 levels with other septic markers.  Methods:This is a hospital based prospective study to evaluate the efficacy of IL-6 as an early diagnostic marker of neonatal sepsis. Eighty neonates, delivered in the hospital, having risk factors for neonatal sepsis, along with those coming to hospital with signs and symptoms of sepsis up to 28 days of life (as study group ) along with normal new-borns admitted to the postnatal ward without high risk factors (control group) were enrolled for this study.Results:IL-6 Levels has shown maximum sensitivity of 95.83%, specificity of 87.50%, positive predictive value of 92%, negative predictive value of 93.33% and accuracy of 92.50 %. E. coli was the most common organism responsible for sepsis. CRP was reported to be highly sensitive (84.21%), and  CBC was highly specific (75.00%), IT ratio has sensitivity of 62.5% and specificity of 56.25% while micro-ESR has shown sensitivity of 50.0% and specificity of 62.5%. Out of 80 cases, blood culture (BacTalert) showed growth in 48 cases in study group while two cases in control group. Thus blood culture positivity was 60%.Conclusion:IL-6 test has maximum sensitivity as well as specificity in comparison with other septic markers. Blood culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of septicemia. CRP is most sensitive while CBC is most specific marker in neonatal sepsis.