Enhanced overall efficiency of GaInN-based light-emitting diodes with reduced efficiency droop by Al-composition-graded AlGaN/GaN superlattice electron blocking layer

AlxGa1-xN/GaN superlattice electron blocking layers (EBLs) with gradually decreasing Al composition toward the p-type GaN layer are introduced to GaInN-based high-power light-emitting diodes (LEDs). GaInN/GaN multiple quantum well LEDs with 5- and 9-period Al-composition-graded AlxGa1-xN/GaN EBL show comparable operating voltage, higher efficiency as well as less efficiency droop than LEDs having conventional bulk AlGaN EBL, which is attributed to the superlattice doping effect, enhanced hole injection into the active region, and reduced potential drop in the EBL by grading Al compositions. Simulation results reveal a reduction in electron leakage for the superlattice EBL, in agreement with experimental results. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.open1133sciescopu

Peritumoral imaging features of thymic epithelial tumors for the prediction of transcapsular invasion: beyond intratumoral analysis

PURPOSEThe purpose of this study was to differentiate cases without transcapsular invasion (Masaoka–Koga stage I) from cases with transcapsular invasion (Masaoka–Koga stage II or higher) in patients with thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) using tumoral and peritumoral computed tomography (CT) features.METHODSThis retrospective study included 116 patients with pathological diagnoses of TETs. Two radiologists evaluated clinical variables and CT features, including size, shape, capsule integrity, presence of calcification, internal necrosis, heterogeneous enhancement, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and vascularity grade. Vascularity grade was defined as the extent of peritumoral vascular structures in the anterior mediastinum. The factors associated with transcapsular invasion were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. In addition, the interobserver agreement for CT features was assessed using Cohen’s or weighted kappa coefficients. The difference between the transcapsular invasion group and that without transcapsular invasion was evaluated statistically using the Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test.RESULTSBased on pathology reports, 37 TET cases without and 79 with transcapsular invasion were identified. Lobular or irregular shape [odds ratio (OR): 4.19; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.53–12.09; P = 0.006], partial complete capsule integrity (OR: 5.03; 95% CI: 1.85–15.13; P = 0.002), and vascularity grade 2 (OR: 10.09; 95% CI: 2.59–45.48; P = 0.001) were significantly associated with transcapsular invasion. The interobserver agreement for shape classification, capsule integrity, and vascularity grade was 0.840, 0.526, and 0.752, respectively (P < 0.001 for all).CONCLUSIONShape, capsule integrity, and vascularity grade were independently associated with transcapsular invasion of TETs. Furthermore, three CT TET features demonstrated good reproducibility and help differentiate between TET cases with and without transcapsular invasion

Synthesis, structure and electrochemical properties of NaV1.5Cr0.5(PO4)3 as a calcium cathode material and Li2+xZr1-xInxCl6 as a lithium-ion solid electrolyte for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries

Multivalent-ion batteries, Solid electrolyte, Structure, All-Solid-State BatteryNⅠ. Introduction 1 1.1. Multivalent-ion battery 1 1.2. All-Solid-State battery 3 Ⅱ. Experimental 5 2.1. Synthesis 5 2.1.1. Synthesis and preparation of Na3V1.5Cr0.5(PO4)3 5 2.1.2. Synthesis of Li2+xInxZr1-xCl6 5 2.2. Material Characterization 6 2.3. Electrochemical Characterization 6 2.3.1. Cell tests for NVCP 6 2.3.2. EIS test, full-cell test 8 Ⅲ. Result and Discussion 9 3.1. Result of NaV1.5Cr0.5(PO4)3 9 3.2. Result of Li2+xInxZr1-xCl6 18 Ⅳ. Reference 25MasterdCollectio