The calculation of superstructure for given loads

In the first part of Diploma Thesis there are elements of railroad superstructure described in detail,\ud which decisively influence on railroad condition, considering the Rule Book of Railroad\ud Superstructure issued in the Official Gazette of Republic of Slovenia with number 92/2010. There are\ud railways, railsteps, railbed, tightening and binding tools described.\ud In the second part there is a theory for calculating tensions due to temperature change and bend\ud presented. In calculating tension due to bend there is Zimmerman method presented and dynamic\ud impacts are taken into consideration with a help of Eissmann theory.\ud In the last part I have made actual calculation based on gathered starting point data. Using it I have\ud calculated tensions in different shapes of standard railways and in different conditions of upper\ud structure. I have made calculations tensions due to temperature changes in case of non-friction laid\ud railways and friction laid railways. There is also a calculation of tension due to bend having a\ud calculation of subsidence, bending moment, pressure and a calculation of bending tensions in\ud dynamic traffic load

TREATMENT WITH TAMSULOSIN IN PATIENTS WITH DISTAL URETERAL CALCULI

Background: Symptomatic ureteral calculi are one of the most important issues in urologist emergency clinical settings. Spontaneous passage of distal ureteral calculi is usually achieved with good hydration and spasmoanalgetic drugs. alpha-blocker therapy may facilitate and accelerate the spontaneous passage of ureteral stones.Patients and methodsIn retrospective study we analyzed patients with renal colic admitted to our department in 2006. All of them had clinical examination, urine and blood analysis, plain radiography (number, size and location of radiopaque calculi) and intravenous pyelography (kidney function and morphology). All patients with distal ureteral calcus were treated with spasmoanalgetics and with or without alpha-adrenergic antagonist tamsulosin. We analyzed eventual spontaneous passage of the calculi, additional procedures (splints, ureterorenoscopy, open procedures, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)). We used Student's t-test for statistical analysis.Results48 from 72 patients had urinary calculus. 35 (73 %) of them had calculus in the distal part of ureter. 17 (49 %) of 35 patients with distal ureteral calculus were treated with tamsulosin and in all (100 %) spontaneous stone passage was observed. 18 (51 %) patients were not treated with tamsulosin and spontaneous passage was observed in 18 (65 %) patients (p = 0.000).ConclusionsTamsulosin therapy promotes expulsion of ureteral stones

Comparison of two programs for standardisation of time-series data in dendrochronology

Za standardizacijo zaporedij širin branik je v uporabi več programov, mi smo primerjali dva - najbolj razširjeni in znani program ARSTAN in pred kratkim predstavljeno knjižnico za standardizacijo dendrokronoloških podatkov dplR, narejeno za statistični program R. Oba programa sta brezplačna, ARSTAN je namenski program za standardizacijo zaporedij širin branik, medtem ko je program R, v okviru katerega deluje knjižnica dplR, namenjen tudi drugim analizam in prikazom podatkov. Uporabili smo različne teste in preverili, ali so med kronologijami širin branik, kakor jih izračunata ARSTAN in dplR, statistično značilne razlike in ali so standardizirane kronologije, narejene s knjižnico dplR, enako uporabne za preučevanje ekoloških in klimatoloških vprašanj, kot so kronologije, narejene s programom ARSTAN. ARSTAN za izračun kronologije ponudi uporabniku listo ukazov, medtem ko dplR zahteva pisne ukaze in ne ponuja izbire. Pri primerjavi rezultatov smo ugotovili, da razlike med izračuni primerjanih programov niso statistično značilne - programa pri osnovnih statističnih parametrih ponudita enake rezultate za povprečne širine branik in standardne odklone ter z razliko na drugem decimalnem mestu za rezultate občutljivosti in avtokorelacijskega koeficienta. Korelacija med standardiziranima kronologijama znaša 0,9773, med kronologijama ostankov pa 0,9776, grafično so razlike prav tako maloštevilne in majhne. Ker se programa razlikujeta le po delovnem okolju, je odločitev o izbiri programa prepuščena uporabniku.Several freeware programs are available for calculation of chronologies. In this paper, we compared two of these programsthe well known ARSTAN and the newly introduced library for standardization dendrochronological data dplR, made for statistical program R. Both are free. ARSTAN is specific and produces chronologies from tree-ring width by standardization, while dplR is a package within the statistical programming environment R, which is able to analyze and present results of other analysis. For comparison of chronologies,made in these two programs, we used different tests. ARSTAN provides many options for calculating chronologies, whereas dplR demands written orders and offers no choices. Differences between built chronologies from these two programs are not statistically significant - programs produce same results comparing basic statistical analysis for average tree-ring width sand standard deviations, but for results of sensitivity and autocorrelation coefficient, there is a difference on a second decimal place. Correlation between standardized chronologies is 0.9773, while between residual chronologies it reaches 0.9776graphically, the differences are also small and low numbered. As the true difference between the programs lies merely in the working environment, it is for users to decide, which program suit them best

Antiferromagnetic fluctuations in the normal state of LiFeAs

We present a detailed study of 75As NMR Knight shift and spin-lattice relaxation rate in the normal state of stoichiometric polycrystalline LiFeAs. Our analysis of the Korringa relation suggests that LiFeAs exhibits strong antiferromagnetic fluctuations, if transferred hyperfine coupling is a dominant interaction between 75As nuclei and Fe electronic spins, whereas for an on-site hyperfine coupling scenario, these are weaker, but still present to account for our experimental observations. Density-functional calculations of electric field gradient correctly reproduce the experimental values for both 75As and 7Li sites.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, thoroughly revised version with refined experimental data, accepted for publication as a Rapid Communication in Physical Review B

Mutational Analysis of the Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ation Sites of the Transcription Factor CTCF Provides an Insight into the Mechanism of Its Regulation by Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ation

ABSTRACT Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of the conserved multifunctional transcription factor CTCF was previously identified as important to maintain CTCF insulator and chromatin barrier functions. However, the molecular mechanism of this regulation and also the necessity of this modification for other CTCF functions remain unknown. In this study, we identified potential sites of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation within the N-terminal domain of CTCF and generated a mutant deficient in poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Using this CTCF mutant, we demonstrated the requirement of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation for optimal CTCF function in transcriptional activation of the p 19ARF promoter and inhibition of cell proliferation. By using a newly generated isogenic insulator reporter cell line, the CTCF insulator function at the mouse Igf2-H19 imprinting control region (ICR) was found to be compromised by the CTCF mutation. The association and simultaneous presence of PARP-1 and CTCF at the ICR, confirmed by single and serial chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, were found to be independent of CTCF poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. These results suggest a model of CTCF regulation by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation whereby CTCF and PARP-1 form functional complexes at sites along the DNA, producing a dynamic reversible modification of CTCF. By using bioinformatics tools, numerous sites of CTCF and PARP-1 colocalization were demonstrated, suggesting that such regulation of CTCF may take place at the genome level. </jats:p

Between language maintenance and language shift: the Slovenian community in Italy today and tomorrow

The paper focuses on the processes of language maintenance and shift among the Slovenian community in north-eastern Italy, from both the present and future perspectives, and presents the results of two empirical studies. The first offers a quantitative analysis of the linguistic behaviour of the Slovenian community members, in order to provide information about the level of minority language maintenance or the gradual shift towards Italian. The intergenerational comparison brings into focus some divergences among two differentage groups and indicates the variables that cooperate to establish them.The second study explores the challenges that the Slovenian community must face in order to encourage the use of the minority language among non-Slovenian speakers. Relying on qualitative data obtained by a series of in-depth interviews with representatives of Slovenian political, cultural and economic organizations in Italy, the study aims to identify some possible strategies for the spread and promotion of the Slovenian language among the wider society

Identification of MS-specific serum miRNAs in an international multicenter study.

ObjectiveTo identify circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) linked to disease, disease stage, and disability in MS across cohorts.MethodsSamples were obtained from the Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigation of Multiple Sclerosis (CLIMB, Boston, MA), EPIC (San Francisco, CA), AMIR (Beirut, Lebanon) as part of the SUMMIT consortium, and Stockholm Prospective Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis (Stockholm, Sweden) cohorts. Serum miRNA expression was measured using locked nucleic acid-based quantitative PCR. Four groups were compared: (1) MS vs healthy control (HC), (2) relapsing-remitting (RR) vs HC, (3) secondary progressive (SP) vs HC, and (4) RR vs SP. A Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for the comparisons. The association between each miRNA and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. For each comparison, the p values were corrected for multiple comparisons using the approach of Benjamini and Hochberg to control the false discovery rate.ResultsIn the CLIMB cohort, 5 miRNAs (hsa-miR-484, hsa-miR-140-5p, hsa-miR-320a, hsa-miR-486-5p, and hsa-miR-320c) showed a significant difference between patients with MS and healthy individuals; among these, miR-484 remained significant after accounting for multiple comparisons (p = 0.01). When comparing RRMS with HCs, hsa-miR-484 showed a significant difference (p = 0.004) between the groups after accounting for multiple group comparisons. When SP and HC were compared, 6 miRNAs (hsa-miR-484, hsa-miR-140-5p, hsa-miR-142-5p, hsa-miR-320a, hsa-miR-320b, and hsa-miR-320c) remained significantly different after accounting for multiple comparisons. Disability correlation analysis with miRNA provided 4 miRNAs (hsa-miR-320a, hsa-miR-337-3p, hsa-miR-199a-5p, and hsa-miR-142-5p) that correlated with the EDSS during the internal reproducibility phase. Among these, hsa-miR-337-3p was the most statistically significant miRNA that negatively correlated with the EDSS in three of the MS cohorts tested.ConclusionsThese findings further confirm the use of circulating serum miRNAs as biomarkers to diagnose and monitor disease status in MS.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class III evidence that levels of circulating miRNAs identify patients with MS

Osnovni elementi ugovora o sponzoriranju u sportu

Sponsorship represents very important source of finances for many sports organizations. The aim of the article is to analyze structural elements of sponsorship contract and to propose a proper definition of a sponsorship contract, while leaning on the many sources of comparative law. The review of foreign legislation shows that not one country has yet legally enacted the sponsorship contract. Some legislation regulate sponsorship in an indirect way using common rules of contractual law or some elements of other contracts, which are already well known and regulated by legal systems. In determining the validity of the arguments cited by the individual authors in the literature our aim is to come to some conclusions which have been summarized in following parts of this article. It seems that the Code of sponsorship of the International Chambers of Commerce (ICC) gives the real foundation which can be useful for different sport organizations. Following the ICC International Code on Sponsorship, the definition of a sponsorship agreement “is any commercial agreement by which a sponsor, for the mutual benefit of the sponsor and a sponsored party, contractually provides financing or other support in order to establish an association between the sponsor’s image, brands or products and a sponsorship property in return for the rights to promote this association and/or for the granting of certain agreed direct or indirect benefits.” Brand of the sponsor, identification with the property of the sponsored subject, commercial agreement, right to promote and mutual benefit are the vital components of a sponsorship contract which are contained in the ICC definition. We also believe that in the future, this definition could lead to the right definition for a possible codification of a sponsorship contract on the national level. At the same time it is important to mention the special characteristic of the specific value of the sponsored subject contained in a sponsorship contract. From the angle of the sponsor this value can be compared with a special and characteristic element of the sponsored subject which brings to the sponsor a very precious value /”pretium affectionis”/ and is consequently extremely important in a rational economic decision of a sponsor to sign a sponsorship contract. Taking into account that all these elements represent the “causa” of a sponsorship contract the position of the sponsor could be defined as the tendency to identify with the value of the sponsored party, with the aim to further manifest itself by promoting these links, both of which lead to the goal of a sponsor to raise or improve its image in public or in a society. The essential challenge of the sponsor is to manage to change the opportunity into the advantage given in the contract relationship. Opportunities should be taken from the challenges which are given to the sponsor and this represents the original motive of the sponsor to sign a sponsorship contract.Sponzorstvo predstavlja vrlo važni izvor financiranja velikog broja sportskih organizacija. Cilj ovog članka je analiza strukturalnih elemenata ugovora o sponzoriranju te imajući u vidu različite izvore iz komparativnog prava prijedlog ispravne definicije ugovora o sponziriranju. Uvid u strano zakonodavstvo nam pokazuje da nema države koja ima legalno oblikovani ugovor o sponzoriranju. Neka zakonodavstva reguliraju sponzorstvo neizravno koristeći opća pravila ugovornog prava ili pojedine elemente drugih ugovora koji već postoje i koje pravni sistemi već regfuliraju. Cilj je autora ovog teksta da zauzimajući stav o valjanosti argumentacije pojedinih autora dođu do vlastitog zaključka. U tom smislu ukazuju na Pravila o sponzorstvu ICC-a (Međunarodne trgovinske komore) koja mogu biti od koristi za različite sportske organizacije

Fine-Mapping Resolves Eae23 into Two QTLs and Implicates ZEB1 as a Candidate Gene Regulating Experimental Neuroinflammation in Rat

This study was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council, The Wadsworth Foundation, Söderbergs Foundation, Petrus and Augusta Hedlunds Foundation, Bibbi and Niels Jensens Foundation, Montel Williams Foundation, Åke-Wibergs Stiftelse, the Swedish Foundation for Neurologically Disabled and the EU 6TH Framework EURATools (LSHG-CT-2005-019015) and Neuropromise (LSHM-CT-2005-018637)

Neki aspekti pravne regulacije sportskog marketinga

There are different marketing activities generating money for sport subjects depending on their properties which are offered for commercial exploitation. Marketing consists of different tools and ways how to generate money for sport such as selling of broadcasting (TV) and media rights, sponsorship, merchandising, licensing, ticketing, charities, donations, patronages. From the legal point of view, it is interesting to explore how different marketing tools are regulated. Certain parts of marketing matters are covered by legal rules. In 2011 Commission on Marketing and Advertising of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) issued the latest version of the ICC International Advertising and Marketing Communication Code. The document applies to different forms of sponsorship relating to corporate image, brands, products, activities or events of any kind. It includes sponsorship by both commercial and non-commercial organizations. The basic connection represents association between sports property and sponsor brand as a tool how to transfer image of the sport to the sponsor. The nature of the Code implies good governance in the field of sponsorship. Special attention deserves the principle of respecting the sponsorship property. The Code represents a useful opportunity for companies, business, associations, courts of law, public authorities, self regulatory bodies on national and international level and other institutions which are supposed to solve disputes in sponsorship cases. European Union law together with national legislation of EU members have set up rules for advertising sector of TV broadcast. Television without Frontiers Broadcasting Directive consists with the detailed time and other limitations for different situations. As EU directive does not regulate visual coverage of sponsor logos and other insignia visible during sport competition on TV that means that sponsors and other subjects do not need to respect rules of the directive. In the absence of formal legislation on national and international level the ICC Code represent a very useful tool to handle sponsorship agreements and possible disputes which could arise from them. The Code is designed primarily as an instrument for self-discipline. On the other hand it is also intended for use as an interpretative aid for the parties in the clarification of uncertainties arising under the sponsorship, as well as a reference for courts or arbitrators in sponsorship disputes.Postoje različite marketinške aktivnosti koje generiraju novac za sportske subjekte, ovisno o njihovim svojstvima koja se nude u komercijalne svrhe. Marketing se sastoji od različitih alata i načina kako generirati novac za sport, poput prodaje radiodifuznih programa (TV) i medijskih prava, sponzorstva, prodaje robe, licenciranja, prodaje ulaznica, dobrotvornih organizacija, donacija, pokroviteljstva. S pravnog gledišta, zanimljivo je istražiti kako su regulirani različiti marketinški alati. Određeni dijelovi marketinških pitanja obuhvaćeni su zakonskim pravilima. 2011. Komisija za marketing i oglašavanje Međunarodne trgovačke komore (ICC) izdala je najnoviju verziju Međunarodnog kodeksa oglašavanja i marketinške komunikacije ICC-a. Dokument se odnosi na različite oblike sponzorstva koji se odnose na korporativni imidž, robne marke, proizvode, aktivnosti ili događaje bilo koje vrste. Uključuje sponzorstvo i komercijalnih i nekomercijalnih organizacija. Osnovna veza predstavlja povezanost između sportske imovine i marke sponzora kao alata za prijenos slike sporta na sponzora. Priroda Kodeksa podrazumijeva dobro upravljanje na polju sponzorstva. Posebna pažnja zaslužuje načelo poštivanja sponzorske imovine. Kodeks predstavlja korisnu priliku za tvrtke, tvrtke, udruge, sudove, javne vlasti, samoupravna tijela na nacionalnoj i međunarodnoj razini te druge institucije koje bi trebale rješavati sporove u sponzorskim slučajevima. Pravom Europske unije, zajedno s nacionalnim zakonodavstvom članica EU, postavljena su pravila za sektor oglašavanja TV emisija. Direktiva o televiziji bez graničnog prijenosa sastoji se od detaljnih vremenskih i drugih ograničenja za različite situacije. Kako direktiva EU ne regulira vizualno pokrivanje logotipa sponzora i drugih obilježja vidljivih tijekom sportskog natjecanja na TV-u, to znači da sponzori i drugi subjekti ne trebaju poštivati pravila te direktive. U nedostatku formalnog zakonodavstva na nacionalnoj i međunarodnoj razini, pravila ICC predstavljaju vrlo korisno sredstvo za rješavanje sponzorskih sporazuma i mogućih sporova koji bi iz njih mogli proizaći. Kodeks je zamišljen prvenstveno kao instrument samodiscipline. S druge strane, također je namijenjen korištenju kao pomoć u tumačenju strana u razjašnjavanju nesigurnosti koje nastaju pod sponzorstvom, kao i referenca za sudove ili arbitre u sporovima o sponzorstvu