Jordan weak amenability and orthogonal forms on JB*-algebras

We prove the existence of a linear isometric correspondence between the Banach space of all symmetric orthogonal forms on a JB$^*$-algebra $\mathcal{J}$ and the Banach space of all purely Jordan generalized derivations from $\mathcal{J}$ into $\mathcal{J}^*$. We also establish the existence of a similar linear isometric correspondence between the Banach spaces of all anti-symmetric orthogonal forms on $\mathcal{J}$, and of all Lie Jordan derivations from $\mathcal{J}$ into $\mathcal{J}^*$

Left Ventricular Rupture Post Mitral Valve Replacement

Prevention is better than cure best applies here. As per many authors, posterior leaflet chordae preservation prevent Left ventricular rupture (LVR) and preserve LV geometry. We are presenting here 5 types of left ventricular rupture (LVR) post Mitral valve replacement (MVR) with different methods to repair with the advantages and disadvantages of each. The mortality rate is still very high despite the advances in cardiac surgery. Many therapeutic approaches have been adopted. Yet, none is ideal

Analysis of dental care of children receiving comprehensive care under general anaesthesia at a teaching hospital in England

Objectives: This study aimed to analyse the characteristics of comprehensive dental care provided under general anaesthesia (CDGA) and to review the additional treatment required by children over the 6 years subsequent to CDGA. Method: Information collected from hospital records for the 6-year period following the first CDGA included the types of dental treatment performed at CDGA, the return rates for follow-up appointments, further treatment required subsequent to CDGA and the types of dental treatment performed at repeat DGA. Results: The study population consisted of 263 children, of whom 129 had a significant medical history, with mean age of 6.7 years. The results revealed that the waiting time for CDGA was significantly shorter in children who had a significant medical history, with 49 % being admitted for CDGA within 3 months of pre-GA assessment, as compared to 29 % of healthy children. 67 % of children had follow-up care recorded, with a slightly higher proportion of children with significant medical history returning for follow-up [70 % (90/129)] compared with 65 % (87/134) of healthy children. Re-treatment rates were 34 % (88/263), the majority of cases being treated under local analgesia (42/88). 34 of 263 children had repeat DGA (12.9 %). Of these 71 % (24/34) were children with significant medical history. The mean age at repeat DGA was 9 years. In 25 of 34 children (74 %), repeat DGA was due to trauma, oral pathology, supernumerary removal, hypomineralized teeth or new caries of previously sound or un-erupted teeth at CDGA. The ratio of extraction over restoration (excluding fissure sealants) performed at repeat DGA was 2.8, compared with the ratio of 1.3 in the initial CDGA. Conclusions: There was a higher ratio of extraction over restorations at the repeat DGA. This suggests that the prescribed treatments at repeat DGA were more aggressive as compared to the initial CDGA in 1997. The majority of the treatment required at repeat DGA was to treat new disease

Autonomous surgical robotic systems and the liability dilemma

Background: Advances in machine learning and robotics have allowed the development of increasingly autonomous robotic systems which are able to make decisions and learn from experience. This distribution of decisionmaking away from human supervision poses a legal challenge for determining liability. Methods: The iRobotSurgeon survey aimed to explore public opinion towards the issue of liability with robotic surgical systems. The survey included five hypothetical scenarios where a patient comes to harm and the respondent needs to determine who they believe is most responsible: the surgeon, the robot manufacturer, the hospital, or another party. Results: A total of 2,191 completed surveys were gathered evaluating 10,955 individual scenario responses from 78 countries spanning 6 continents. The survey demonstrated a pattern in which participants were sensitive to shifts from fully surgeon-controlled scenarios to scenarios in which robotic systems played a larger role in decision-making such that surgeons were blamed less. However, there was a limit to this shift with human surgeons still being ascribed blame in scenarios of autonomous robotic systems where humans had no role in decision-making. Importantly, there was no clear consensus among respondents where to allocate blame in the case of harm occurring from a fully autonomous system. Conclusions: The iRobotSurgeon Survey demonstrated a dilemma among respondents on who to blame when harm is caused by a fully autonomous surgical robotic system. Importantly, it also showed that the surgeon is ascribed blame even when they have had no role in decision-making which adds weight to concerns that human operators could act as “moral crumple zones” and bear the brunt of legal responsibility when a complex autonomous system causes harm

The effect of premature extraction of primary teeth on the subsequent need for orthodontic treatment.

AIM: To investigate if premature extraction of primary teeth was associated with orthodontic need in the permanent dentition. STUDY DESIGN: This was a case-control study based on retrospective dental records. METHODS: As part of NHS (UK) Dental Epidemiology Programme a sample of 366, 12-year-old children from Bradford and Airedale were examined. The survey collected data on patient demographics, dental health status including orthodontic need. Data linkage was undertaken for those children participating in the NHS Dental Epidemiology Programme who had previously accessed the local Salaried Dental Service (SDS). For these children, retrospective dental information was collected about premature extraction of primary teeth. RESULTS: From the 366 children who were surveyed, 116 children had received treatment at the local SDS in the past. Significantly more children from ethnic minorities, low socioeconomic backgrounds and high caries rate (p < 0.001) were seen in the SDS. For the 107 children who attended SDS, an increased total number of primary teeth extractions was positively associated with orthodontic need (odds ratio:1.18, CI -1.01 to 1.37). STATISCTICS: Multilevel modelling was undertaken to identify variables associated with orthodontic need. CONCLUSIONS: In the study group, orthodontic need was significantly associated with the number of primary teeth extracted