Automation of Diagrammatic Proofs in Mathematics

Theorems in automated theorem proving are usually proved by logical formal proofs. However, there is a subset of problems which can also be proved in a more informal way by the use of geometric operations on diagrams, so called diagrammatic proofs. Insight is more clearly perceived in these than in the corresponding logical proofs: they capture an intuitive notion of truthfulness that humans find easy to see and understand. The proposed research project is to identify and ultimately automate this diagrammatic reasoning on mathematical theorems. The system that we are in the process of implementing will be given a theorem and will (initially) interactively prove it by the use of geometric manipulations on the diagram that the user chooses to be the appropriate ones. These operations will be the inference steps of the proof. The constructive !-rule will be used as a tool to capture the generality of diagrammatic proofs. In this way, we hope to verify and to show that the diagra..

The Complemented System Approach: A Novel Method for Calculating the X-ray Scattering from Computer Simulations

In this paper, we review the main problem concerning the calculation of X-ray scattering of simulated model systems, namely their finite size. A novel method based on the Rayleigh-Debye-Gans approximation was derived, which allows sidestepping this issue by complementing the missing surroundings of each particle with an average image of the system. The method was designed to operate directly on particle configurations without an intermediate step (e.g., calculation of pair distribution functions): in this way, all information contained in the configurations was preserved. A comparison of the results against those of other known methods showed that the new method combined several favourable properties: an arbitrary q-scale, scattering curves free of truncation artifacts and good behaviour down to the theoretical lower limit of the q-scale. A test of computational efficiency was also performed to establish a relative scale between the speeds of all known methods: the reciprocal lattice approach, the brute force method, the Fourier transform approach and the newly presented complemented system approach.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures. Copyright 2010 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in The Journal of Chemical Physics and may be found at http://link.aip.org/link/?jcp/133/17412

SEPIA: Search for Proofs Using Inferred Automata

This paper describes SEPIA, a tool for automated proof generation in Coq. SEPIA combines model inference with interactive theorem proving. Existing proof corpora are modelled using state-based models inferred from tactic sequences. These can then be traversed automatically to identify proofs. The SEPIA system is described and its performance evaluated on three Coq datasets. Our results show that SEPIA provides a useful complement to existing automated tactics in Coq.Comment: To appear at 25th International Conference on Automated Deductio

On-ice measures of external load in relation to match outcome in elite female ice hockey

The aim of this study is to investigate the differences between select on-ice measures using inertial movement sensors based on match outcome, and to determine changes in player movements across three periods of play. Data were collected during one season of competition in elite female ice hockey players (N = 20). Two-factor mixed effects ANOVAs for each skating position were performed to investigate the differences in match outcome, as well as differences in external load measures during the course of a match. For match outcome, there was a small difference for forwards in explosive ratio (p = 0.02, ES = 0.26) and percentage high force strides (p = 0.04, ES = 0.50). When viewed across three periods of a match, moderate differences were found in skating load (p = 0.01, ES = 0.75), explosive efforts (p = 0.04, ES = 0.63), and explosive ratio (p = 0.002, ES = 0.87) for forwards, and in PlayerLoad (p = 0.01, ES = 0.70), explosive efforts (p = 0.04, ES = 0.63), and explosive ratio (p = 0.01, ES = 0.70) for defense. When examining the relevance to match outcome, external load measures associated with intensity appear to be an important factor among forwards. These results may be helpful for coaches and sport scientists when making decisions pertaining to training and competition strategies.York University Librarie

Lung cancer: comparison between sexes

The importance of prognostic factors in the analysis of lung cancer clinical trials has long been recognized. In this paper, many prognostic factors were considered and their comparison between male and female group results were evaluated. The presence of symptoms at the time of diagnosis of lung cancer was not found to be different between women and men in this study. The women had a lower smoking incidence (45.7%) than men (90.6%). Squamous cell carcinoma represented the most common lung malignancy among men (40.6%), whereas adenocarcinoma represented the most frequently diagnosed lung cancer among women (57.1%). On the average, 45% of the patients had advanced disease at the moment of diagnosis. Compared with women, men had a higher prevalence of cachexia (40%).A importância dos fatores de prognóstico na análise de estudos clínicos de câncer de pulmão já é bem definida. Neste artigo, vários fatores de prognóstico foram avaliados, assim como a comparação entre ambos os sexos foi realizada. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois sexos para a presença de sintomas no momento do diagnóstico. Os pacientes do sexo feminino apresentaram incidência de tabagismo menor que os do masculino. O carcinoma espinocelular (40,6%) foi o tipo histológico mais comum entre os pacientes ao sexo masculino enquanto o adenocarcinoma (57,1%) foi o mais freqüente no feminino. Em média, 45% dos pacientes apresentaram-se com doença disseminada no momento do diagnóstico. Pacientes do sexo masculino (40%) foram classificados como desnutridos mais freqüentemente que as do feminino.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

Kaj menijo tožilci in sodniki o policijski korupciji na Gorenjskem?

Korupcija je družbeni pojav, ki ga lahko zasledimo na vseh družbenih področjih, sodobnih, demokratičnih družb. Najpogosteje si jo predstavljamo kot dejanja z negativnim predznakom na področju politike, gospodarstva, zasebnega sektorja in javne uprave. Policijska korupcija ima na tem področju svojo vlogo. Predstavlja resen problem, ker se pojavlja v instituciji, ki ima nalogo preprečevati, odkrivati in preganjati tako kazniva kot tudi koruptivna dejanja. Policijska korupcija je prikrita in pogosto povezana s kodeksom molčečnosti (blue code). Z namenom, da bi pridobili mnenje strokovnjakov o policijski korupciji na Gorenjskem, smo v letu 2008, na območju Gorenjske izvedli raziskavo med tožilci in sodniki. Naš cilj je bil ugotoviti, kako tožilci in sodniki zaznavajo policijsko korupcijo in kakšno je njihovo zaupanje v policijo. Namen prispevka je predstaviti rezultate raziskave in povezavo med posameznimi hipotezam