Syntactic Method for Vehicles Movement Description and Analysis

The syntactic primitives and the description language can be used for assignment and analysis of vehicles movement. The paper introduces a method that allows spotting vehicles’ manoeuvres on and between traffic lanes, observing images, registered by a video camera. The analysis algorithms of the vehicles’ movement trajectories were considered in this paper as well

Various aspects of vehicles image data-streams reduction for road traffic sufficient description

The on-line image processing was implemented for video-camera usage for traffic control. Due to reduce the immense data sets dimension various speculations of data sampling methods were introduced. At the beginning the needed sampling ratio has been found then simple but effective image processing algorithms have to be chosen, finally the hardware solutions for parallel processing are discussed. The PLA computing engine was involved for coping with this task; for fulfilling the assumed characteristics. The developer has to consider several restrictions and preferences. None universal algorithm is available up to now. The reported works, concern vehicles stream recorders development that has to do all recording and computing procedures in strictly defined time limits

The transportation network rough description for an adaptive traffic control algorithms by means of video detection technique

The contribution discusses a transportation network rough description that corresponds to satisfactory level of an adaptive traffic control algorithms implementation [4], supported by video-detection system. The decision making algorithms have to provide us with not only vehicles’ approach time prediction, at the intersections but also finding possible solution for avoiding critical queues at the intersections. Majority of traditional traffic control systems are based on number of cars recorded by inductive loops, however they do not define any proper occupation states at any traffic lane. The time window indicated for passing the defined number of cars loses the distance gaps visible between the cars on the traffic lane. That is why remarkable part from the defined number of cars will not cross the intersection in the defined green light time. Procedures used for searching an optimal solution using the inductive measurements can, in the majority cases, be undoubtedly noticed as a theoretical analysis only

Report on the role of local population(s) for migrant integration

The project “EMpowerment through liquid Integration of Migrant Youth in vulnerable conditions” (MIMY) studies the integration of young vulnerable migrants in European societies. In particular it is interested in understanding how this is be facilitated, what barriers exist, and how they can be overcome. The main aim of this report is to highlight the role of the local as a setting for migrant arrival and integration, where access to resources and local participation is constantly being negotiated between migrants and the local population. The findings presented here are based on qualitative empirical research in 18 selected case study localities in 9 European countries (England/UK, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Romania and Sweden) between mid-2020 and mid-2021. It draws on interviews with 265 stakeholders involved in migration or integration matters. The following summarizes the key findings: • Localities provide distinct opportunity structures for migrant integration, which are shaped by local economic development paths and by migration histories. Thus local contextual factors can result in significant variations between places, even when these appear similar based on statistical indicators. • For young vulnerable migrants the local context is of particular importance. The livelihoods of this group are often particularly embedded locally. Depending on the context, their status of transition between educational systems and the labour market may be seen as a potential or challenge. • These local opportunity structures also shape place-specific migrant populations with regard to size and composition. Countries of origin, legal status, socio-economic status or age thus vary considerably. These characteristics then also influence local discussions around entitlement to resources, the focus of migration and integration approaches, and whether the attitudes towards migrants are more or less favourable. • Policy approaches and service provision vary considerable between countries and case studies. We find ‘thick’ structures and a wide range of infrastructures and services in several case studies, while there is much less such support in other cases. In case studies with a broad range of different government and non-government actors, exchanges between actors often allow for relatively quick and targeted responses to arising challenges (e.g. arrival of refugees around 2015, COVID pandemic). More substantial support systems are of particular importance for vulnerable young migrants, but may also raise questions about entitlement and access. • Local approaches with regard to migration and integration can differ from overarching national policies, for example when welcoming approaches are adopted locally within anti-integration regimes on the national level. Such local-national (dis)connections can highlight how the responsibilities of migrant vulnerabilities are being delegated to and dealt with the local level. There is certain leeway for place-specific approaches of migrant integration, albeit within certain limitations, particularly when decision-making with regard to social systems and welfare is allocated at the national level. • Stakeholders emphasised the importance of interactions between local populations and migrants to reduce prejudices and conflict. For facilitating such encounters particular local spaces are of particular importance for young migrants. • In addition to the spaces for encounter, the ability to establish local social networks is an important part of migrant integration. Across Europe, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to restrict the opportunities for such encounters. • To understand differences between places using a comparative research approach allows for identifying possible variations between urban and rural areas, between economically thriving and struggling regions, those with growing or declining populations or between places with a high or low share of migrants

Digital camera as a data source of ITS solutions in traffic control and management

The traffic adaptive-control processes and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) work on traffic characteristics provided by vehicles various detectors. In majority cases the algorithms work on vehicles number evidences only, recorded on traffic lanes. The expected data concerns the vehicles number and a time schedule observed at stop-lines on intersection inlets or another points of the traffic intensity checking. A satisfactory usage of the video technology needs various simplifications of the data source structure and the processing algorithms. For simplification of these all processes several solutions must be implemented. One can try reducing the data size and improve the processing algorithms. Better results can be expected after proper selection of the data sampling intervals, namely the data granularity finding. Several conclusions concerning the traffic recording and modeling are presented in this work. The discussed technology was implemented to produce

Vehicles trajectories movement description by means of syntactic method

The paper introduces an approach that allows the user spotting by video camera moving cars between traffic lanes. The syntactic primitives and the description language were defined. The algorithms of the vehicles trajectories movement recognition are also under consideration in this paper