Temperature component method for heat conduction problems

The work includes a solving proposal for initial-boundary value 3D heat conduction problems. The proposal is based on an extension of the body model region to the whole space where the space integral as a particular solution to the initial-boundary value problem is derived. Temperature component is separated from the space integral. The component admissibility conditions are formulated. For numerical purposes the approximated integral with a discrete set of fictitious components is proposed. The fictitious component intensities are determined on an approximate way from the boundary condition. An approximate solution of the heat conduction problem is obtained by extension in time and contraction in space of the approximated integra

Temperature component method for heat conduction problems

The work includes a solving proposal for initial-boundary value 3D heat conduction problems. The proposal is based on an extension of the body model region to the whole space where the space integral as a particular solution to the initial-boundary value problem is derived. Temperature component is separated from the space integral. The component admissibility conditions are formulated. For numerical purposes the approximated integral with a discrete set of fictitious components is proposed. The fictitious component intensities are determined on an approximate way from the boundary condition. An approximate solution of the heat conduction problem is obtained by extension in time and contraction in space of the approximated integral

An assessment of candidate genes to assist prognosis in gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth commonest cancer worldwide, with the second highest mortality rate. Its poor mortality is linked to delayed presentation. There is a drive towards non-invasive biomarker screening and monitoring of many different types of cancer, although with limited success so far. We aimed to determine if any genes from a 32-gene panel could be used to determine GC prognosis. We carried out a retrospective study on the expression of 32 genes, selected for their proven or potential links to GC, on historic formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) GC specimens from our unit. Gene expression was measured using quantitative nuclease protection assays (qNPA) technology. Following statistical analysis of the results, immunohistochemical staining for eight genes, both discriminating and non-discriminating, was conducted in seven age and sex matched non-metastatic: metastatic GC pairings. The stained samples were reviewed by two blinded consultant histopathologists. Multivariate Cox analysis of the gene expression data revealed metastatic status, age, sex and five genes appeared to influence GC survival. Genes negatively influencing survival included and (relative risks 2.20, 3.73 and 7.53 respectively). Genes conveying survival benefit included and (relative risks 0.10 and 0.24 respectively). Immunohistochemical staining of seven age and sex matched non-metastatic: metastatic pairs revealed no association between gene expression and protein expression. Our study found several genes whose expression may affect GC prognosis. However, immunohistochemical analysis revealed no association between gene expression and protein expression. It remains to be determined whether gene expression or protein expression are reliable means of assessing GC prognosis

Germline variation in the insulin-like growth factor pathway and risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor, Barrett's esophagus (BE), have uncovered significant genetic components of risk, but most heritability remains unexplained. Targeted assessment of genetic variation in biologically relevant pathways using novel analytical approaches may identify missed susceptibility signals. Central obesity, a key BE/EAC risk factor, is linked to systemic inflammation, altered hormonal signaling and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis dysfunction. Here, we assessed IGF-related genetic variation and risk of BE and EAC. Principal component analysis was employed to evaluate pathway-level and gene-level associations with BE/EAC, using genotypes for 270 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or near 12 IGF-related genes, ascertained from 3295 BE cases, 2515 EAC cases and 3207 controls in the Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium (BEACON) GWAS. Gene-level signals were assessed using Multi-marker Analysis of GenoMic Annotation (MAGMA) and SNP summary statistics from BEACON and an expanded GWAS meta-analysis (6167 BE cases, 4112 EAC cases, 17 159 controls). Global variation in the IGF pathway was associated with risk of BE (P = 0.0015). Gene-level associations with BE were observed for GHR (growth hormone receptor; P = 0.00046, false discovery rate q = 0.0056) and IGF1R (IGF1 receptor; P = 0.0090, q = 0.0542). These gene-level signals remained significant at q < 0.1 when assessed using data from the largest available BE/EAC GWAS meta-analysis. No significant associations were observed for EAC. This study represents the most comprehensive evaluation to date of inherited genetic variation in the IGF pathway and BE/EAC risk, providing novel evidence that variation in two genes encoding cell-surface receptors, GHR and IGF1R, may influence risk of BE.https://academic.oup.com/carcin/article/42/3/369/602941

Action of a heat source and influence of initial condition on the plane state of temperature

The work takes an advantage of the temperature component method for some heat conduction problems. Simplifications of the method for 2D problems are considered. Some examples of calculations are quoted

Action of a heat source and influence of initial condition on the plane state of temperature

The work takes an advantage of the temperature component method for some heat conduction problems. Simplifications of the method for 2D problems are considered. Some examples of calculations are quote