Конкурентоспроможність машинобудівних підприємств на ринку залізничного рухомого складу

Охарактеризовано распределение производственных мощностей и потребителей вагоно-строительной продукции на экономических рынках СНГ. Дана оценка конкурентной среды в подотрасли машиностроения железнодорожного подвижного состава на макро и микроуровне, выявлены факторы риска и обоснованы мероприятия, ориентированные на укрепление конкурентоспособности исследуемых предприятий. Ключевые слова: машиностроительное предприятие, конкурентоспособность, рынок, железнодорожный подвижной состав.Охарактеризовано розподіл виробничих потужностей і споживачів вагонобудівної продукції на економічних ринках СНД. Наведено оцінку конкурентного середовища в підгалузі маши-нобудування залізничного рухомого складу на макро і мікрорівні, виявлено фактори ризику й обґрунтовано заходи, орієнтовані на зміцнення конкурентоспроможності досліджуваних підприємств. Ключові слова: машинобудівне підприємство, конкурентоспроможність, ринок, залізничний рухомий склад.The paper characterizes production capacities and consumers of wagon products on the economic markets of CIS countries. The competition environment in the sector of railway rolling stock building on macro and micro-level was assessed, the factors of risk were identified, and measures oriented to streng-thening the competitiveness of the enterprises under investigation are well-grounded. Keywords: machine-building enterprise, competitiveness, market, railway rolling stock

Miocene uplift of the NE Greenland margin linked to plate tectonics: Seismic evidence from the Greenland Fracture Zone, NE Atlantic:Margin Uplift and Plate Tectonics

Tectonic models predict that following breakup, rift margins undergo only decaying thermal subsidence during their postrift evolution. However, postbreakup stratigraphy beneath the NE Atlantic shelves shows evidence of regional-scale unconformities, commonly cited as outer margin responses to inner margin episodic uplift, including the formation of coastal mountains. The origin of these events remains enigmatic. We present a seismic reflection study from the Greenland Fracture Zone-East Greenland Ridge (GFZ-EGR) and the NE Greenland shelf. We document a regional intra-Miocene seismic unconformity (IMU), which marks the termination of synrift deposition in the deep-sea basins and onset of (i) thermomechanical coupling across the GFZ, (ii) basin compression, and (iii) contourite deposition, north of the EGR. The onset of coupling across the GFZ is constrained by results of 2-D flexural backstripping. We explain the thermomechanical coupling and the deposition of contourites by the formation of a continuous plate boundary along the Mohns and Knipovich ridges, leading to an accelerated widening of the Fram Strait. We demonstrate that the IMU event is linked to onset of uplift and massive shelf progradation on the NE Greenland margin. Given an estimated middle to late Miocene (~15–10Ma) age of the IMU, we speculate that the event is synchronous with uplift of the east and west Greenland margins. The correlation between margin uplift and plate motion changes further indicates that the uplift was triggered by plate tectonic forces, induced perhaps by a change in the Iceland plume (a hot pulse) and/or by changes in intraplate stresses related to global tectonics

Determining apparent exhumation from Chalk outcrop samples, Cleveland Basin/East Midlands Shelf.

Porosity measurements of 22 Upper Cretaceous Chalk samples, and mean Chalk porosities derived from sonic logs in three wells, were used to quantify apparent exhumation (height above maximum burial-depth) in the onshore Cleveland Basin/East Midlands Shelf. Late Cretaceous/Tertiary exhumation of the East Midlands Shelf resulted in the removal of 1.2 km of section near the coast and more than 2 km of section inland, to the west. The southern margin of the Cleveland Basin was exhumed by 2 km, and exhumation increases northwards towards the recognized inversion axis running east–west along the basin’s centre. The northwards increasing exhumation associated with the east–west trending inversion axis of the Cleveland Basin is superimposed upon the regional westward trend of increasing exhumation of eastern England. These two trends control the outcrop distribution of the Upper Cretaceous Chalk in the Cleveland Basin/East Midlands Shelf.Robert J. Menpes and Richard R. Hilli

Early Cenozoic denudation of central west Britain in response to transient and permanent uplift above a mantle plume

Upwelling mantle plumes beneath continental crust are predicted to produce difficult to quantify, modest uplift and denudation. The contribution of permanent and transient components to the uplift is also difficult to distinguish. A pulse of denudation in Britain in the Early Paleogene has been linked, although with some controversy, with the arrival of the proto-Iceland mantle plume. In this contribution we show that combining apatite and zircon (U-Th-Sm)/He and apatite fission track analyses from central west Britain with numerical modeling clearly identifies a pulse of early Cenozoic denudation. The data indicate that rock uplift and denudation were centered on the northern East Irish Sea Basin and 1.0–2.4 km of rocks were removed during the latest Cretaceous-early Paleogene. Uplift and erosion appears to have started a few million years before the earliest magmatism in the region. The regional denudation pattern mirrors the distribution of low-density magmatic rocks that has been imaged in the deep crust. However, the injection of the underplating melt is not enough to account for the total denudation. An additional regional uplift of at least 300 m is required, which is consistent with a transient thermal effect from the hot mantle plume. The rapid exhumation event ceased by ~40 Ma and the data do not require significant Neogene exhumation

Gender representation in drug development studies for diabetes mellitus:A systematic review

Background: During the last 20 years, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased drastically, and so has the number of associated medicine and drug development studies. Despite knowing that men and women respond differently to DM medicines, biological gender differences still tend not to be prioritized during medicine development. Objective: This study examined gender representation in medicine development studies for DM. Method: We conducted a systematic review, and in February 2022, we searched EMBASE (Excerpta Medica Database), MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) and PubMed using a block search strategy. Randomized controlled studies (RCTs) including people diagnosed with DM (any type) aged 18–65 years were included. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trial 2010 checklist was applied to assess the studies’ reported quality. The results are presented in a narrative synthesis. Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. On average, women represented 31.4% of study participants, and similarly, for each trial phase, women were less represented than men. Conclusion: This review showed an unequal gender representation in drug development studies for DM, with women and men representing 31.4% and 68.6% of the study participants, respectively, in the included studies. However, gender differences in medical drug studies might be due to specific exclusion criteria, participants’ behaviour toward attending in medicine development or the law in the country of origin.</p