Obtención y caracterización de pectina de la cascara del cambur manzano (Musa AAB)

Se estudió la obtención y caracterización de pectina de la corteza de cambur manzano (Musa sp (L.) ”˜AAB) ”˜Silk”™. La pectina se obtuvo por el método de hidrólisis ácida empleando ácido cítrico y ácido clorhídrico como agentes de extracción, 60 min de calentamiento a 85ºC a pH 2,0 y 3,0 para cada agente. Esta se caracterizó en términos de humedad, cenizas, tiempo de gelificación, peso equivalente, contenido de metoxilo, viscosidad relativa y contenido de ácido anhidrourónico (AUA). El mayor rendimiento de pectina, expresado en base seca fue de 16,14%, empleando ácido cítrico como agente de extracción para un pH de 2,0. Está pectina presentó el mayor contenido de AUA con un 94,38 %, con un tiempo de gelificación de 12,84 min, peso equivalente de 7210,6 g/e y contenido de metoxilo de 3,23%. La pectina de mejor calidad resultó ser la extraída a pH 3 para el ácido clorhídrico, presentando un peso equivalente de 9944,3 g/e, contenido de AUA de 84,21%, tiempo de gelificación 10,22 min y contenido de metoxilo de 3,73%. En cuanto al contenido de metoxilo y viscosidad relativa no se encontraron diferencias significativas (P>0,05) originadas por el pH para ambos agentes de extracción. Todos los extractos de pectina obtenidos fueron de bajo metoxilo

Manejo de la hemorragia subaracnoidea en pacientes ingresados en el área de Neurocirugía del hospital “Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo”, 01 de enero al 31 de julio de 2002

Estudio realizado en el servicio de Neurocirugía del hospital “Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo” durante 1 enero-31 julio 2002. Fueron 118 pacientes ingresados de los cuales se tomaron 16 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y que por tanto se constituye en universo.Tipo de estudio: retrospectivo, descriptivo.Objetivos. General:Determinar cómo se realiza el manejo de los pacientes con hemorragia subaracnoidea ingresados en el servicio de Neurocirugía.Específicos:1.- Establecer por medio de porcentajes la morbimortalidad de los pacientes que cursan con Hemorragia Subaracnoidea.2.- Determinar la influencia que ejercen los antecedentes personales y hábitos de este grupo de pacientes.Resultados: De los 16 pacientes la patología determinada se presentó el 49% en mayores de 60 años; prevaleciendo también en el sexo masculino que alcanzó el 62%. En cuanto a los pacientes con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial se destacó el 25%, aún en aquellos individuos que seguían un tratamiento adecuado. En cuanto a la etiología se destacó el trauma cráneo encefálico con un 44%, seguido de los aneurismas con un 25%. Como medio de diagnóstico, la tomografía axial computarizada, con el 81%, demostró que sigue siendo el de primera elección. El tratamiento conservador alcanzó el 75% y en nuestro universo de estudio se obtuvo 62% de mejoría y 38% curación al momento del alta hospitalaria.Conclusiones: Se logró demostrar con este estudio el adecuado y eficaz manejo intra hospitalario para con este grupo de pacientes, no sólo con el hecho del alto porcentaje en el tratamiento conservador sino también porque no existió ningún paciente fallecido en nuestro universo de estudio

Los Estudios Sociales de la Ciencia y la Tecnología en Colombia: grupos de investigación y colaboración

Fil: Guerrero-C, Javier. Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano. Facultad de Artes y Humanidades; Colombia.Fil: Restrepo Medina, Liliana Patricia. Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano. Facultad de Artes y Humanidades; Colombia.Fil: Uribe Martínez, Astrid Girlesa. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Colombia.Fil: Jaraba Barrios, Bruno Andrés. Universidad del Valle. Departamento de Sociología; Colombia.Fil: Lucio-Arias, Diana. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Departamento de Ciencia de la Información; Colombia.Este trabajo tiene como propósito evidenciar algunas de las principales características sociocognitivas de la comunidad académica de los Estudios Sociales de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (ESCT) en Colombia mediante el análisis bibliométrico de sus productos. El análisis se centró en 248 artículos de investigación reportados por quienes integran alguno de los diez grupos de investigación identificados como dedicados a los ESCT con base en la información reportada por los mismos en la plataforma ScienTI, administrada por el Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología de Colombia. Se utilizaron las herramientas de análisis Pajek, Ucinet y Vosviewer para el análisis y presentación visual de las relaciones de colaboración entre los grupos incluidos en el estudio. Los resultados sugieren que los grupos de investigación ESCT en Colombia colaboran poco entre sí, a pesar de tener líneas de investigación similares en muchos casos. La colaboración de los miembros de los grupos de ESCT se establece sobre todo con autores que no pertenecen a los demás grupos del conjunto. Pocos autores actúan como nodos en las redes de coautoría identificadas y la mayoría de estos nodos no pertenecen al conjunto de grupos estudiados. La colaboración detectable entre grupos se establece entre los pertenecientes a una misma ciudad, lo que significa que no existe colaboración entre estos grupos fuera de la ciudad de Bogotá. Estos resultados ofrecen elementos preliminares para la descripción de esta comunidad, pero también muestran la necesidad de ampliar la exploración incluyendo otro tipo de productos, así como a grupos e investigadores que, aún sin identificarse explícitamente como dedicados a los ESCT emplean los repertorios teórico-metodológicos y realizan aportes a este campo de estudios

Health in conflict and post-conflict settings: reproductive, maternal and child health in Colombia

BASTRACT: ABSTRACT: Background: In conflict-afflicted areas, pregnant women and newborns often have higher rates of adverse health outcomes. Objective: To describe maternal and child health indicators and interventions between 1998 and 2016 comparing high and low conflict areas in Colombia. Methods: Mixed study of convergent triangulation. In the quantitative component, 16 indicators were calculated using official, secondary data sources. The victimization rate resulting from armed conflict was calculated by municipality and grouped into quintiles. In the qualitative component, a comparative case study was carried out in two municipalities of Antioquia: one with high rates of armed conflict and another with low rates. A total of 41 interviews and 8 focus groups were held with local and national government officials, health professionals, community informants, UN agencies and NGOs. Results: All of the indicators show improvement, however, four show statistically significant differences between municipalities with high victimization rates versus low ones. The maternal mortality ratio was higher in the municipalities with greater victimization in the periods 1998–2004, 2005–2011 and 2012–2016. The percentage of cesarean births and women who received four or more antenatal visits was lower among women who experienced the highest levels of victimization for the period 1998–2000, while the fertility rate for women between 15 and 19 years was higher in these municipalities between 2012 and 2016. In the context of the armed conflict in Colombia, maternal and child health was affected by the limited availability of interventions given the lack of human resources in health, supplies, geographical access difficulties and insecurity. The national government was the one that mostly provided the programs, with difficulties in continuity and quality. UN Agencies and NGOs accessed more easily remote and intense armed conflict areas. Few specific health interventions were identified in the postconflict context. Conclusions: In Colombia, maternal and child health indicators have improved since the conflict, however a pattern of inequality is observed in the municipalities most affected by the armed conflict

Los Estudios Sociales de la Ciencia y la Tecnología en Colombia: grupos de investigación y colaboración

Using bibliometric methods, this work identifies some of the main socio-cognitive characteristics of the academic community of Social Studies of Science and Technology (STS) in Colombia. The analysis, based on information reported in the ScienTI platform run by the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation, focuses on 248 research articles published by the members of ten research groups identified as STS. Pajek, Ucinet and, Vosviewer analysis tools were used to analyze and visualize the collaborative relationships between the groups included in the study. The results suggest that, despite having similar lines of research, there is little collaboration among the STS research groups in Colombia. We identified higher rates of collaboration between STS group members with non-STS identified research academics than between STS group members. The co-authorship network is composed of STS academics and non-STS academics, where those serving as nodes connect with mostly non-STS-academics. When there is a collaboration among STS groups, those belong to the same city. These results offer preliminary elements for the description of this community, but also show the need to broaden the exploration to other types of production, as well as to try to identify groups and researchers who, even without explicitly identifying themselves as dedicated to STS, use the theoretical-methodological repertoires and make contributions to this field

The psychosocial management of rights restitution: tracing technologies for reparation in post-conflict Colombia

Psychosocial assistance is a crucial aspect of recent state reparation and human rights restitution policies in post-conflict Colombia. Drawing on the methodological tools offered by Science and Technology Studies (STS), we follow the trajectories of a psychosocial protocol for emotional recovery as a technology of reparation deployed in rural communities between 2013 and 2017. We ethnographically describe how psychological and administrative projects are merged in practice and come to shape practices and emotional self-valuations. Building on Serres’ concept of betrayal, we reflect on the potential contours of quantifications embedded in psychosocial assistance as opportunities for different forms of reparation to emerge. These forms of reparation coexist in intertwined epistemic practices of psychosocial assistance. We claim that a potentially alternative form of reparation arises despite the predominance of an administrative design mainly concerned with quantification and efficient policy management

Search for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars in the first part of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run

Continuous gravitational waves (CWs) emission from neutron stars carries information about their internal structure and equation of state, and it can provide tests of general relativity. We present a search for CWs from a set of 45 known pulsars in the first part of the fourth LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA observing run, known as O4a. We conducted a targeted search for each pulsar using three independent analysis methods considering single-harmonic and dual-harmonic emission models. We find no evidence of a CW signal in O4a data for both models and set upper limits on the signal amplitude and on the ellipticity, which quantifies the asymmetry in the neutron star mass distribution. For the single-harmonic emission model, 29 targets have the upper limit on the amplitude below the theoretical spin-down limit. The lowest upper limit on the amplitude is 6.4 × 10−27 for the young energetic pulsar J0537−6910, while the lowest constraint on the ellipticity is 8.8 × 10−9 for the bright nearby millisecond pulsar J0437−4715. Additionally, for a subset of 16 targets, we performed a narrowband search that is more robust regarding the emission model, with no evidence of a signal. We also found no evidence of nonstandard polarizations as predicted by the Brans–Dicke theory

The Advanced Virgo+ status

The gravitational wave detector Advanced Virgo+ is currently in the commissioning phase in view of the fourth Observing Run (O4). The major upgrades with respect to the Advanced Virgo configuration are the implementation of an additional recycling cavity, the Signal Recycling cavity (SRC), at the output of the interferometer to broaden the sensitivity band and the Frequency Dependent Squeezing (FDS) to reduce quantum noise at all frequencies. The main difference of the Advanced Virgo + detector with respect to the LIGO detectors is the presence of marginally stable recycling cavities, with respect to the stable recycling cavities present in the LIGO detectors, which increases the difficulties in controlling the interferometer in presence of defects (both thermal and cold defects). This work will focus on the interferometer commissioning, highlighting the control challenges to maintain the detector in the working point which maximizes the sensitivity and the duty cycle for scientific data taking

A search using GEO600 for gravitational waves coincident with fast radio bursts from SGR 1935+2154

The magnetar SGR 1935+2154 is the only known Galactic source of fast radio bursts (FRBs). FRBs from SGR 1935+2154 were first detected by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME)/FRB and the Survey for Transient Astronomical Radio Emission 2 in 2020 April, after the conclusion of the LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA Collaborations' O3 observing run. Here, we analyze four periods of gravitational wave (GW) data from the GEO600 detector coincident with four periods of FRB activity detected by CHIME/FRB, as well as X-ray glitches and X-ray bursts detected by NICER and NuSTAR close to the time of one of the FRBs. We do not detect any significant GW emission from any of the events. Instead, using a short-duration GW search (for bursts ≤1 s) we derive 50% (90%) upper limits of 1048 (1049) erg for GWs at 300 Hz and 1049 (1050) erg at 2 kHz, and constrain the GW-to-radio energy ratio to ≤1014−1016. We also derive upper limits from a long-duration search for bursts with durations between 1 and 10 s. These represent the strictest upper limits on concurrent GW emission from FRBs

Frequency-Dependent Squeezed Vacuum Source for the Advanced Virgo Gravitational-Wave Detector

In this Letter, we present the design and performance of the frequency-dependent squeezed vacuum source that will be used for the broadband quantum noise reduction of the Advanced Virgo Plus gravitational-wave detector in the upcoming observation run. The frequency-dependent squeezed field is generated by a phase rotation of a frequency-independent squeezed state through a 285 m long, high-finesse, near-detuned optical resonator. With about 8.5 dB of generated squeezing, up to 5.6 dB of quantum noise suppression has been measured at high frequency while close to the filter cavity resonance frequency, the intracavity losses limit this value to about 2 dB. Frequency-dependent squeezing is produced with a rotation frequency stability of about 6 Hz rms, which is maintained over the long term. The achieved results fulfill the frequency dependent squeezed vacuum source requirements for Advanced Virgo Plus. With the current squeezing source, considering also the estimated squeezing degradation induced by the interferometer, we expect a reduction of the quantum shot noise and radiation pressure noise of up to 4.5 dB and 2 dB, respectively