Work Intensification & Emotional Labour among University Lecturers

This report is desired to improve the understanding of the ‘emotional labour’ conducted by instructors in the universities, in order to recognize more clearly the capabilities required to perform such labor and the control techniques which can assist the instructors in their performance. The emotional labor includes the display of organizationally preferred feelings. It is generally recognized that there can be either good or bad consequences for those performing this labor, based on how it is conducted. One of the adverse consequences of such labor is ‘burnout’, a problem of psychological fatigue and perform life issue is noticed among individuals who do ‘social work’. This problem is of importance to supervisors, as it can lead to destruction in the service quality required and appears to promote job revenues, absenteeism and low spirits. Through a focus group and a sequence of discussions with professors in various departments of The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, the study exposed a lack of knowledge of the term ‘emotional labour’. It did show however, that experientially, the interviewees recognized very well the complications of feelings control in the course of their performance. Although the existence emotional labor was easily and commonly approved as being ‘part of the job’, the need to back up workers was also commonly recognized. The beneficial results of the efficiency of psychological labor were obvious. The instructors who were questioned showed up to truly enjoy perform and took pleasure in introducing their professional picture to their students. Teachers explain the value of being a ‘people person’ and using connections capabilities, such as hearing, and performing in the course of their performance. A number of the interviewees also outlined the psychological fatigue experienced at the end of a day of ‘performing’ emotional labor. The instructors used a variety of techniques to deal with the complications provided by the efficiency of such labor. These techniques included emotion-focused techniques, such as distancing and ventilation, and problem-focused techniques such as learning new capabilities or procedures. Support from co-workers was recognized as important and assisted the use of other dealing techniques, such as reducing ego participation. The value of managing assistance was also commonly mentioned. The complications coming up when assistance from supervisors and co-workers was less than sufficient were also mentioned.From the conversations with supervisors about the selection of workers, it became obvious that greater focus was placed on the social capabilities and the character (the ‘right’ personality) of potential workers, rather than their technical capabilities. Having the ‘right’ character (however that was described in each business context), was often the basis on which supervisors made choices about the supply of further coaching opportunities. There was a significant presence of emotional labour in the teachers, as they have to deal with different kind of students and handle them. Hence the university must ensure the coaching of the instructors to achieve good educational outcomes.This research is an attempt to increase the current level of knowledge of the current literary works on emotional labor. With regards to its theoretical participation, first, this research plays a role in the body of literary works on emotional labor by discovering how individual features affect the way companies perform emotional labor. Specifically, this research examines the procedure of what pushes individuals to take part in a certain type of performing technique when getting students. Second, this research provides a better knowing of the emotional labor of workers in the school. With regards to its practical participation, the outcomes of this research could be helpful in determining the types of people who can enjoy and withstand performing emotional labor. This information is useful to the colleges in conditions of improving worker selection and training strategies. In addition, as this research also looks into how work life conflict and burnout help relieve the potential adverse repercussions of emotional labor, instructors can get benefit from the research outcomes by knowing what they can do to eliminate side effects of emotional labor

Regeneration of Plantlets from various Explants of Tetraploid watermelon

Micropropagation of tetraploid watermelon is important to cope with high cost of seed. Seeds of tetraploid watermelon were grown in vitro to raise seedlings. Hypocotyl and cotyledonary explants and media supplemented with plant growth regulators (BAP and NAA) was explored for callus induction and organogenesis. Data was collected for callus, shoot and root induction. Maximum callus induction was observed at BAP 5 mgL-1 (76.66%) from cotyledon and (73.33%) from hypocotyls explant. The callus induced from different explants was sub-cultured on the shoot regeneration medium. Higher shoot induction (96.66%) was observed  from cotyledon and hypocotyl explant (76.66%) on MS + 1.0 mgL-1 BAP + 0.2 mgL-1 NAA with maximum number (6.3) of shoot per explant and average shoot length 4.5 cm. Among different types (NAA and IAA) and concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.7, 1.0 mgL-1) of auxins investigated for root induction, maximum frequency of rooting was observed in 0.1 mgL-1 NAA while no root formation was observed at higher levels of auxin (1.0 mgL-1). Similarly in case of number of roots per shoot maximum root (4.3) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mgL-1 NAA. Key Words: Regeneration, Explant, Tetraploid, Water Mello

Isolation and Characterization of Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans from Malformed Mango

Mango malformation occurs in most mango growing regions of the world. Floral and vegetative malformation have been reported. There is general agreement that the fungal pathogen Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans or Fusarium subglutinans is the causal agent. Healthy and malformed samples of both floral and vegetative tissues were collected from different varieties of mango grown in several locations to verify the association of F.moniliforme with mango malformation disease in Pakistan. The fungus was isolated and cultured. Frequency of fungal association with the disease ranged between 90- 94%, There was less recovery of fungus from asymptomatic tissue (12- 15%). There was no difference among the commercial mango varieties in the level of susceptibility to this disease. However, seedling germplasm and land races showing resistance to mango malformation were identified. The in vitro growth characters of the fungus were determined on different culture media, at varying temperatures, light and pH conditions. Mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar was better than nine other media tested. At pH 7.00, the ideal temperature for growth was between 25-30° C. Normally, the malformation is not controlled by fungicide application. The in vitro sensitivity of fungus to six fungicides at three concentrations was determined to seek potential means of chemical control

Climate Change and Citrus

Climate change is the change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns that lasts for an extended period. Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes and affect in many ways. Citrus fruits are one of the largest fruit crops in the world. Yield loss at a drastic level due to abiotic stress annually in which temperature and water stress are the main environmental factors. These factors cause biochemical, anatomical, physiological, and genetic changes in plant structure and lead to defective growth, development, and reproduction, which ultimately cause a reduction in the economic yield of the crop. An increase in temperature and water stress at critical phenological stages of citrus results in reduced tree fruit set, decrease in fruit growth and size, increase in fruit acidity, low tree yield, reduced fruit peel thickness, and pre-harvest fruit drop. Stomatal conductance and net carbon dioxide assimilation in citrus leaves can be reduced by super optimal leaf temperature. Water deficit reduces the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance by stomatal closure associated with ABA content and causes an abrupt decrease in photosynthesis and CO2 assimilation in citrus which reduce trees overall growth and production. Interventions in agronomic practices, breeding strategies, and biotechnological approaches can mitigate climate change effects on citrus. The groundwork against climate change is compulsory for better global livelihood and food security

Stiff to Dilate and Risky to Cut Through: Iliac Radiation Arteritis

Radiation arteritis is not an uncommon clinical situation, given that almost 50% of patients with cancer receive radiotherapy in the course of treatment. Radiation effects are non-specific, and late radiation tissue injury presentation can be very variable. However, radiation arteritis has some unique clinical and radiological features, with consequent special therapeutic considerations. Iliac radiation arteritis may be accompanied by radiation-associated iliac vein disease and small vessel disease. Therefore, diagnostic and therapeutic plans should be directed toward all possible late radiation effects as relevant. Despite the complexity of the disease process and diagnostic challenges, treatment can be very straightforward if adequately planned. Otherwise, limb loss and/or life-threatening complications can rapidly ensue. This article highlights the natural history of radiation arteritis, with a particular emphasis on the iliac segment, and discusses the risk potentials of this condition, given that limb loss may be multifactorial, not merely because of the iliac arterial flow interruption. The main lines of management are also briefly discussed