Measurement of Balance Disruption Following a Lower Extremity Injury in Female Soccer Players

Computerized Dynamic Posturography has recently provided a means of objectively measuring balance and postural stability. Using this technology to compare pre-injured data with post-injury data can aid athletic trainers in monitoring the assessment of balance while determining when to return an athlete to participation. The purpose of this research is to determine if balance measurements are influenced by injury and the rate at which balance is restored as the athlete is returned to play. A qualitative design was conducted using a case study format. Seven female Division I soccer athletes served as subjects. All subjects experienced lower extremity injuries during the competitive season and were returned to play during that same season. Subjects\u27 balance, postural sway, and stability were measured in spring using the Neurocom® Smart Balance Master. These measurements included Sensory Organization Test, Motor Control Test (MCT), and Adaptation Test (ADT). Once injured the subjects were measured: (1) as soon as they were able to bear weight on the affected leg; (2) once they were cleared to return to play; and (3) 2 weeks after they had returned to play. The measurements were compared to the baseline testing and also to each other in order to determine changes in balance throughout the rehabilitation and return to play process. Compared to the athlete\u27s baseline data, post-injury data showed weight symmetry changes (unloading involved limb), increased latency scores during the ADT, and ankle/hip dominance shifting toward hip preference. As the rehabilitation process continued, most of the variables that had been disrupted migrated toward a return to pre-injury baseline. Two weeks after the subjects had been cleared to return to participation the majority of balance variables were either equal to or greater than baseline. Athletic trainers need to consider many factors when determining when an athlete should be cleared to participate following an injury. Balance and postural stability are important factors in decreasing re-injury as well as improving overall performance. Utilizing new technologies that provide more objective information on balance gives the clinicians more information to help them make return-to-play decisions

On the typology and the worship status of sacred trees with a special reference to the Middle East

This article contains the reasons for the establishment of sacred trees in Israel based on a field study. It includes 97 interviews with Muslim and Druze informants. While Muslims (Arabs and Bedouins) consider sacred trees especially as an abode of righteous figures' (Wellis') souls or as having a connection to their graves, the Druze relate sacred trees especially to the events or deeds in the lives of prophets and religious leaders. A literary review shows the existence of 24 known reasons for the establishment of sacred trees worldwide, 11 of which are known in Israel one of these is reported here for the first time. We found different trends in monotheistic and polytheistic religions concerning their current worship of sacred trees

The supernatural characters and powers of sacred trees in the Holy Land

This article surveys the beliefs concerning the supernatural characteristics and powers of sacred trees in Israel; it is based on a field study as well as a survey of the literature and includes 118 interviews with Muslims and Druze. Both the Muslims and Druze in this study attribute supernatural dimensions to sacred trees which are directly related to ancient, deep-rooted pagan traditions. The Muslims attribute similar divine powers to sacred trees as they do to the graves of their saints; the graves and the trees are both considered to be the abode of the soul of a saint which is the source of their miraculous powers. Any violation of a sacred tree would be strictly punished while leaving the opportunity for atonement and forgiveness. The Druze, who believe in the transmigration of souls, have similar traditions concerning sacred trees but with a different religious background. In polytheistic religions the sacred grove/forest is a centre of the community's official worship; any violation of the trees is regarded as a threat to the well being of the community. Punishments may thus be collective. In the monotheistic world (including Christianity, Islam and Druze) the pagan worship of trees was converted into the worship/adoration of saints/prophets; it is not a part of the official religion but rather a personal act and the punishments are exerted only on the violating individual

A systemic transformation of an arts and sciences curriculum to nurture inclusive excellence of all students through course-based research experiences

IntroductionWe describe herein a large-scale, multidisciplinary course-based undergraduate research experience program (CRE) developed at Lawrence Technological University (LTU). In our program, all students enrolled in CRE classes participate in authentic research experiences within the framework of the curriculum, eliminating self-selection processes and other barriers to traditional extracurricular research experiences.MethodsSince 2014, we have designed and implemented more than 40 CRE courses in our College of Arts and Sciences involving more than 30 instructors from computer science, mathematics, physics, biology, chemistry, English composition, literature, philosophy, media communication, nursing, and psychology.ResultsAssessment survey data indicates that students who participate in CRE courses have an enhanced attitude towards research and discovery, as well as increased self-efficacy. This intervention is particularly relevant for non-traditional students, such as students who commute and/or have significant work or childcare commitments, who often experience limited access to research activities.DiscussionHerein we highlight the importance of a systemic institutional change that has made this intervention sustainable and likely to outlast the external funding phase. Systemic change can emerge from a combination of conditions, including: (1) developing a critical mass of CRE courses by providing instructors with both incentives and training; (2) developing general principles on which instructors can base their CRE activities; (3) securing and maintaining institutional support to promote policy changes towards a more inclusive institution; and (4) diversifying the range of the intervention, both in terms of initiatives and disciplines involved

Reznikoff, Charles (1894–1976)

Charles Reznikoff was a poet, prose writer, and playwright whose work significantly contributed to American modernism. Drawing on his heritage as a New York City Jewish-American, Reznikoff, like his fellow ‘Objectivists’ Louis Zukofsky and George Oppen, used the resources of modernist poetry—spare lines, suppression of rhetoric, and attention to daily life—to explore Jewish history as well as the American urban experience. Particularly in works like Testimony (1965) and Holocaust (1975), Reznikoff relied upon his legal training to establish the poet as a witness, one who offers an account without judgement or praise.</jats:p

Spectral Affordances of the Catalogue

Abstract Critical assessments of the literary catalogue often stress its desire for order, highlighting the device’s encyclopedic tendencies of inclusion, exclusion, totality, and transparency. This article offers an alternative approach, arguing that the catalogue of persons can function as a document of loss, whose formal structure produces spectral, ghostly, and even traumatic effects. Analyzing catalogues from Homer’s Iliad, Charles Dickens’s American Notes for General Circulation, and Roberto Bolaño’s 2666, this essay demonstrates that the formal capacity for spectrality is an underappreciated affordance of the catalogue, through which it confronts actual historical violence. A comparative reading of Homer, Dickens, and Bolaño demonstrates that the catalogue, far from establishing mastery and transparency, is a literary device shot through with virtual effects, emergent echoes, and palpable absences. These affordances challenge the catalogue’s claims for totality while also making it a powerful mechanism for measuring history as loss.</jats:p