Effect of glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizic acid on the expression of CXCR4 in epithelial cells of gastric carcinoma

Background and purpose: Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers and the second common cause of cancer death worldwide. Surgery is the only treatment for gastric cancer but about 50% percent of patients have inoperable tumors. For these patients, combined chemotherapy is the primary treatment which has some side effects. CXCR4 that is expressed on the surface of tumor cells plays a role in metastasis and chemotaxis of tumor cells to different tissues. Licorice compounds are known to have anticancer properties, so this study aimed at investigating their effects on the expression of CXCR4 receptor in gastric cancer AGS cells. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 106 cells were poured in all wells of 6 pieces plates and exposed to various concentrations of Glycyrrhetinic acid and Glycyrrhizic acid for 24 hours. The CXCR4 gene expression levels were determined by Real−Time PCR and the level of expression in the groups was compared using ANOVA and Dunntt's post hoc test in prism software. P <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in CXCR4 gene expression in cells exposed to acid Glycyrrhizic and acid Glycyrrhetinic at 24 hours compared with that of the control group. In fact, decreased expressions of CXCR4 reduced the rates of metastasis and chemotaxis Conclusion: The compounds used in this study reduced the CXCR4 gene expression, so, they could be used as effective treatments for gastric cancer

PG-Continuous frames in Banach space

In this paper, we introduce pg-continuous frames and study the operators associated with a give pg-continuous frames. We also show many useful properties with corresponding notions, pg-continuous frames and pg-frames in Banach space

IQ Score of Children with Persistent or Perennial Allergic Rhinitis: A Comparison with Healthy Children

How to Cite This Article: Ghaffari J, Abbaskhanian A, Jalili M, Yazdani Charati Y. IQ Score of Children With Persistent or Perennial Allergic Rhinitis: Comparison with Healthy Children. Iran J Child Neurol. 2014 Summer; 8(3): 44-48. AbstractObjectivePrevalence of allergies is different around the world. Allergic rhinitis is a common chronic disease in children.Intelligence quotient (IQ) is an indicator of efficacy and many factors including chronic diseases may affect it. This study compares the IQs of children diagnosed with persistent or perennial allergic rhinitis with healthy children.Material &amp; MethodsThis was a comparative study that was conducted from June 2011–May 2013 in an academic referral clinic. In this study, 90 patients aged 6- to 14-yearsold who were diagnosed with persistent or perennial allergic rhinitis and were compared to 90 age and gender match healthy patients from their respective families. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for hildren was used to divide and calculate overall IQ, verbal IQ, and practical IQ. The t-test and chi square were used to analyze quantitative variables and qualitative variables, respectively.Results In this study, out of total 180 children, 90 (50%) in the case group and 90 children (50%), the control group participated for IQ comparison. One hundred (57%) were male and 80 (43%) were female. The overall IQ for allergic rhinitis patients and healthy patients was 109.2 and 107.5, respectively. This difference was not considered significant. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the IQ scores of males and females.ConclusionAlthough allergic rhinitis is a chronic disease and effects quality of life, there were no identifiable negative effects on IQ.  ReferencesGhaffari J, Mohammadzadeh I, Khaliian A, Rafatpanah H, Mohammadjafari H, Davoudi A. Prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in elementary schools in Sari(Iran). Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine. 2012; 3(1):372-76.Mohammadzadeh I, Barari-Savadkoohi R, Alizadeh- Navaei R. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in Iranian children: A systematic review and descriptive metaanalysis. Journal of Pediatrics Review. 2013; 1(2):19-24.Ghaffari J. Prevalence of Aeroallergens in Skin Test of Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, Eczema, and Chronic Urticaria Patients in Iran. Journal 0f Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2012; 22(87): 139-151 (Persian).Horn JL, Cattel RB. Refinement and test of the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence. Journal of  ducational Psychology. 1966;57:253–70.Black KC, Hynd GW. Epilepsy in the School aged child: Cognitive-Behavioral Characteristic and effect on Academic performance. School Psychology Quarterly. 1995;10:345–58.Wolters PL, Brouwers P, Moss HA. Pediatric HIV disease: Effect on cognitive learning and behavior. School Psychol Quarterly. 1995;10:305–28.Gutstadt LB, Gillette JW, Mrazek DA, Fukuhara JT, LaBrecque JF, Strunk RC. Determinants of school performance in children with chronic asthma. The American Journal of Diseases of Children. 1989;143:471–5.Liesker JW, Postma DS, Beukema RJ, ten Hacken NH, van der Molen T, Riemersma RA, et al. Cognitive performance in patients with COPD. Respiratory Medicine. 2004;98:351–356.Zhou G, Liu J, Sun F, Xin X, Duan L, Zhu X, Shi Z. Association of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Cognitive Decline in Very Elderly Men. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra. 2012 Jan-Dec; 2(1): 219–228. Published online 2012 May 22. doi: 10.1159/000338378.Marshall PS, Colon EA. Effects of allergy season on mood and cognitive function. Annals of Allergy, Asthma &amp; Immunology. 1993 Sep;71(3):251-8.Groth-Marnat G. Handbook of psychological assessment. Wiley.4th ed. 2003:p.129-195.Shahim S. Adaptation and Standardization of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children Revised. Shiraz University Press. 1373. p.5-94.Marshall PS, O’Hara C, Steinberg P. Effects of seasonal allergic rhinitis on selected cognitive abilities. Annals of Allergy, Asthma &amp; Immunology. 2000 Apr;84(4):403-10.Bender BG. Are asthmatic children educationally handicapped? School Psychology Quarterly. 1995;10:274–91.Ghaffari J, Abaskhanian A, Jalili M. IQ Score of Children with Moderate Asthma: Comparison with Healthy Children. Oman Medical Journal. 2014 Jan; 29(1):71-74.Daramola OO, Ayoola OO, Ogunbiyi AO.The comparison of intelligence quotients of atopic and nonatopic children in Ibadan, Nigeria. Indian Journal of Dermatology. 2010 Jul-Sep;55(3):221-4. doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.70665.Keremer B, Den Hartog HM, Jolles J. Relationship between allergic rhinitis, disturbed cognitive functions and psychological well-being. Clinical &amp; Experimental Allergy. 2002; 32:1310-1315

Accuracy of Ultrasonography in Diagnosis of Shoulder Dislocation: A Systematic Review

Context: This meta-analysis of clinical trials was conducted to compare the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in comparison to plain radiography in shoulder dislocation.&nbsp;Evidence acquisition: MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, clinicaltrials.gov, Google scholar, and Scopus were searched for clinical trials. Diagnosis of shoulder dislocation and confirmation of shoulder reduction were the outcomes of interest. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of included clinical trials were calculated. &nbsp;Results: Seven studies met our inclusion criteria and were analyzed. All included studies except two had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for ultrasound (one with a sensitivity of 54% and one with a specificity of 60%).&nbsp;Conclusion: It can be suggested that ultrasound can be used as a reliable alternative diagnostic method for detection of both dislocation and reduction in shoulder joint. This may decrease the delay in treatment, cost, radiation exposure, and need for repeated sedation

The Effects of Nitrogen and Boron on the Yield and Biochemical Traits of Sugar Beets (Beta vulgaris L.)

An experiment was performed to reveal how nitrogen and boron fertilizers affect the yield and quality of sugar beets. A split-plot design with random blocks was used, and the experiment was repeated three times in two areas of northwest Iran (Khoy and Naqadeh) from 2019-2020. Nitrogen fertilizer was used in the main plot at four levels: N₁ (300 kg ha-1 of urea with 50% consumption at planting and 50% at the 6-8 leaf stage), N₂ (300 kg ha-1 of urea with 50% consumption at planting and 50% at the 8-12 leaf stage), N₃ (1.5 times that of N1), N₄ (1.5 times that of N2), and boron fertilizer was used as a subagent at four levels: B₁ (no boron, used as a control), B₂ (boron used as boric acid at the rate of 20 kg ha -1), B₃ (foliar spray with Boroplus, a liquid fertilizer with 10% boron, used at the 6-8 leaf and 8-12 leaf stages), and B₄ (foliar spray with Boroplus at the 12-8 and 16-20 leaf stages). The results revealed that as more nitrogen and boron were applied, the leaf dry weight, root yield, sugar content, and pure sugar yield increased. However, the percentage of sugar in the roots decreased as more nitrogen was added. Therefore, the maximum root yield was reached in the N4 treatment, and the maximum percentage of sugar (21.4%) was reached in the B₄ treatment, which represented the minimum level of nitrogen. The maximum pure sugar yield (1228.8 g m-²) was reached in the N₁B₄ treatments. Therefore, nitrogen and boron should be applied following the N₁B₄ treatment for sugar beet planting

Design and Waterproof of Car Coatings Using Art Simulation Techniques and Flora Polyacrylamide

Since car is one of the issues that people deal with constantly and daily, improving the efficiency of its components, such as seat covers, not only does not reduce its value, but also provides greater comfort to passengers. Improving the design of car coatings and waterproofing of fabrics which have different advantages such as reducing accumulation of dirt on the cloth are considered in this research. The aim of the study is using flora polyacrylamide (FPAA) waterproof material with a chemical structure of weak cationic, non-ionic through the conventional padding method on polyester fabrics along with art simulation techniques. For this purpose, different concentrations of the composition of flora poly-acrylic waterproof coating was used on polyester fabric. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of polyester fabrics were evaluated by water absorption tests based on a standard test method called the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists 79 -2003. As such, art simulation techniques were applied to car seat covers. The results of the study demonstrate that the use of appropriate amounts of waterproofing flora polyacrylamide composition could significantly prevent water absorption from polyester fabrics. Therefore, waterproofed fabrics designed by art simulation techniques can be used in auto production centers in Iran

Multi-User Dynamic Searchable Symmetric Encryption with Corrupted Participants

We study the problem of multi-user dynamic searchable symmetric encryption (DMUSSE) where a data owner stores its encrypted documents on an untrusted remote server and wishes to selectively allow multiple users to access them by issuing keyword search queries. Specifically, we consider the case where some of the users may be corrupted and colluding with the server to extract additional information about the dataset (beyond what they have access to). We provide the first formal security definition for the dynamic setting as well as forward and backward privacy definitions. We then propose μSE, the first provably secure DMUSSE scheme and instantiate it in two versions, one based on oblivious data structures and one based on update queues, with different performance trade-offs. Furthermore, we extend μSE to support verifiability of results. To achieve this, users need a secure digest initially computed by the data owner and changed after every update. We efficiently accommodate this, without relying on a trusted third party, by adopting a blockchain-based approach for the digests’ dissemination and deploy our schemes over the permissioned Hyperledger Fabric blockchain. We prototype both versions and experimentally evaluate their practical performance, both as stand-alone systems and running on top of Hyperledger Fabric