A research on ways to get rid of usury with an emphasis on sale of the object

Usury is one of the most important issues that has plagued various human societies since ancient times and has always caused significant economic and social harm to members of society. Accordingly, in the religion of Islam, many texts have ruled that usury is forbidden. However, some Muslim jurists and thinkers have included a chapter in their works entitled "The Trick of Usury" in which they have introduced methods through which transactions are made that appear to be similar to non-usury transactions. They have usury and accordingly, they are not subject to the ruling on the sanctity of usury. The most important question in this regard is the ruling on using the trick of usury. There has been disagreement among jurists about the ruling on methods of escaping the usury deal, and some, citing the conflict between the use of these methods and the philosophy of the sanctity of usury, believe that this action is illegitimate, and on the other hand, some claim based on the content of certain narrations. They have said that cheating usury is out of the sanctity of usury specifically or professionally. According to research, not only is the use of usury tricks free of problems, but also the sale of object can be used as a way to avoid committing usury transactions

Ets1 gene (Ets Proto-Oncogene1) expression changes in patients with celiac disease under a gluten-free diet

Background. One of the effective genes in the pathogenesis of the celiac disease is the Ets1 gene, which encodes the transcription factor Ets1 and is highly conserved during evolution. The Ets1 gene inhibits the differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and the production of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) by these cells and decreased expression of the Ets1 gene can lead to autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in Ets1 gene expression in the blood samples of patients with celiac disease compared with the control group. Methods. Blood samples were collected from twenty patients with celiac disease under a gluten-free diet and also from twenty healthy people. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, a specific primer pair of the Ets1 gene was designed and its expression changes were examined by real-time PCR. Results. The expression of the Ets1 gene in patients with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet did not show a significant difference compared with healthy individuals (p-value= 0.54).. Conclusion. Failure to observe a significant difference between the patient and the control group can be due to the effect of the duration of the gluten-free diet and also the inadvertent entry of gluten from hidden sources into the diet of patients under treatment. Practical Implications. According to the results observed in this study, it is possible that if the gluten-free diet is followed more strictly and over a longer period of time by patients with celiac disease, the expression of the Ets1 gene will proceed as we expected. This issue needs to be evaluated in future studies with a larger community.</jats:p

Ets1 gene (Ets Proto-Oncogene1) expression changes in patients with celiac disease under a gluten-free diet

Background. One of the effective genes in the pathogenesis of the celiac disease is the Ets1 gene, which encodes the transcription factor Ets1 and is highly conserved during evolution. The Ets1 gene inhibits the differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and the production of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) by these cells and decreased expression of the Ets1 gene can lead to autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in Ets1 gene expression in the blood samples of patients with celiac disease compared with the control group. Methods. Blood samples were collected from twenty patients with celiac disease under a gluten-free diet and also from twenty healthy people. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, a specific primer pair of the Ets1 gene was designed and its expression changes were examined by real-time PCR. Results. The expression of the Ets1 gene in patients with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet did not show a significant difference compared with healthy individuals (P-value= 0.54).. Conclusion. Failure to observe a significant difference between the patient and the control group can be due to the effect of the duration of the gluten-free diet and also the inadvertent entry of gluten from hidden sources into the diet of patients under treatment. Practical Implications. According to the results observed in this study, it is possible that if the gluten-free diet is followed more strictly and over a longer period of time by patients with celiac disease, the expression of the Ets1 gene will proceed as we expected. This issue needs to be evaluated in future studies with a larger community

Elevated interleukin-17A levels despite reduced microRNA-326 gene expression in celiac disease patients under gluten-free diet

Abstract Introduction: The microRNA-326 (miR-326) gene, by targeting ETS Proto-Oncogene 1 (ETS1), regulates the differentiation and interleukin-17A production of T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Celiac disease (CD) is an intestinal autoimmune disorder, in which the cascade of Th17 cells plays an important role in its pathogenicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression changes of miR-326 and its two target genes ETS1 and IL-17A in celiac disease patients under a gluten-free diet (GFD). We expected the expression of miR-326 and IL-17A gene to decrease, and the expression of the ETS1 gene to increase, following the adherence to GFD. Methods: Peripheral blood samples of 40 CD patients under GFD (for more than 1 year) and 40 healthy individuals were collected. RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized and the miR-326, ETS1 and IL-17A gene expressions were evaluated by the quantitative polymerase real-time qPCR method. P-value ˂ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Although miR-326 mRNA expression was significantly lower in CD patients (P = 0.001), no significant difference was observed in ETS1 mRNA level between the two groups (P = 0.54), but IL-17A was significantly overexpressed in CD patients (P=0.002). No significant correlation was observed between the expression of the studied genes and the patientsʼ symptoms and Marsh classification. Conclusion:Adherence to the GFD for one to two years did not have the expected effect on the expression of genes in this panel. The most important finding that contradicted our hypothesis was the observation of high IL-17A levels in CD patients despite dieting, which may be related to the protective effect of this cytokine on intestinal tight junctions, which needs to be confirmed in further studies.</jats:p