The effect of buprenorphine vs methadone on sleep breathing disorders

Opioids are used widely as analgesics and can play an important role in agonist maintenance therapy for opium dependence. Despite their benefits, the negative effects on the respiratory system remain an important side effect to be considered. Ataxic breathing, obstructive sleep apnea, and most of all central sleep apnea are among these concerns. Obstructive sleep apnea leads to various metabolic, cardiovascular, cognitive, and mental side effects and may result in abrupt mortality. Buprenorphine is a semisynthetic opioid, a partial mu-opioid agonist with limited respiratory toxicity preferably used by these patients, as it is accompanied by significantly lower risk factors in the development of obstructive and central sleep apnea. In this manuscript, the case of a patient is reported who underwent methadone maintenance therapy which was shifted to buprenorphine in order to observe possible changes in sleep-related breathing disorders. The results of this study indicate a reduction in these problems through the desaturation and apnea hypopnea index of methadone substituted by buprenorphine while no change in sleepiness was observed

Variability of frontal alpha wave in response to mood induction via visual stimulus:A quantitative electroencephalographic study

Background: One of the prime areas in psychiatry is concerned with assessing emotions. Assessment of physiologic responses can be attained by various approaches. One of them is analyzing Electroencephalography (EEG). Objectives: In current study, we aimed to assess Alpha wave in frontal region after inducing specific emotion by showing evocative video clips. Materials and Methods: After a baseline in Eye Open situation recording, we showed 5 video clips that each induced specific emotions from five major ones (Neutral, Happiness, Sadness, Anger, Fear) to 66 healthy individuals, including 33 males and 33 females between 20 - 40 years old and EEG recording was continued simultaneously. Then, we analyzed their brain waves. Absolute power of Alpha wave Bands (Alpha 1 and Alpha 2) in frontal region (FZ, F4, F3) was analyzed via Wilcoxon test. Results: With respect to eye open situation, all video clips made significant change in Alpha 2 in F3 and F4 (P &lt; 0.001) but not in Fz except for sadness. Sad inductive clip made a significant increase in Alpha 2 in Fz, also Alpha 1 in F3 and F4 (P &lt; 0.001). Fz had no significant variability in all other emotions. Conclusions: The most trenchant impact with respect to Alpha band was sadness, and the most exclusive finding in FZ was Alpha 2. Nonetheless, in two other zones (F3, F4), Alpha 1 was exclusive and Alpha 2 variability was non-exclusive. It appears plausible that sadness activates neuron groups, which are involved in generating Alpha waves.</p

A Review of Vesicular and Polymeric Nano-systems in Olanzapine Drug Delivery

Olanzapine (2-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-10H-thieno [2, 3-b][1, 5]benzodiazepine) is an antipsychotic drug with poor water-solubility that has a suitable affinity to some receptors. This benzodiazepine derivative is a new (atypical) antipsychotic drug and has a wide range of efficacy, especially in treatment of patients with negative psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia. Olanzapine is used in psychotic disorders, mood disorders, and acute restlessness in bipolar patients. Its oral absorption is low and about 40% of the drug is metabolized in first-pass hepatic metabolism. This drug has low permeability into the brain related to remove by p-glycoprotein efflux and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) existence. Emerging nanotechnology during recent years demonstrated the tremendous ability of nanoparticles as versatile nanocarrier systems. This emerging technology has raised promising attempts to address the significant impact on decreasing side effects of drugs and their associated defects. Olanzapine can be administrated by different routes. Intranasal delivery of olanzapine to the brain due to lack of blood-brain-barrier in the olfactory system has facilitated its delivery. In this review article, several olanzapine nano-drug delivery systems are listed by reviewing their results, including nanosuspensions, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), niosomes, transfersomes, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), polymeric nanoparticles (PNP), etc

The Effect of Buprenorphine vs. Methadone on Sleep Breathing Disorders

Opioids are used widely as analgesics and can play an important role in agonist maintenance therapy for opium dependence. Despite their benefits, the negative effects on the respiratory system remain an important side effect to be considered. Ataxic breathing, obstructive sleep apnea, and most of all central sleep apnea are among these concerns. Obstructive sleep apnea leads to various metabolic, cardiovascular, cognitive, and mental side effects and may result in abrupt mortality. Buprenorphine is a semisynthetic opioid, a partial mu-opioid agonist with limited respiratory toxicity preferably used by these patients, as it is accompanied by significantly lower risk factors in the development of obstructive and central sleep apnea. In this manuscript, the case of a patient is reported who underwent methadone maintenance therapy which was shifted to buprenorphine in order to observe possible changes in sleep-related breathing disorders. The results of this study indicate a reduction in these problems through the desaturation and apnea hypopnea index of methadone substituted by buprenorphine while no change in sleepiness was observed.</jats:p

Relationship between Personality Characteristics and Sleep Quality, Daily Sleepiness and Quality of Life in University Students

Background and purpose: Poor quality of sleep and excessive daytime sleepinessare major factors that impair health and quality of life. Theoretically, personality factors provide the biological and behavioral context that can affect sleep patterns and quality of life. The aim of this study was to present the status of sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepinessand quality of life in university students and also to determine the relationship between these factors and personality factors. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, the students in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, SF-12 quality of life, and NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Data analysis was performed in SPSS V24. Results: A total of 403 students (mean age= 22.83 ± 2.81 years), including 70.97% females participated in the study. Among the participants, 120 (29.77%) reported excessive daytime sleepiness, 64.52% had poor sleep quality, and 56.33% had poor or average quality of life. Good quality of life and good quality of sleep were found to be significantly associated with extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness (P<0.05). There was a significant relationship between neuroticism and poor sleep quality and poor quality of life (P<0.05). Increase in age, decreased quality of life, and extraversion were observed to be associated with probability of decreased sleep quality (P<0.05). Conscientiousness and neuroticism were associated with excessive daytime sleepiness (P<0.05). Conclusion: Daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality are both linked to neuroticism. Screening for sleep problems in students is necessary due to the relationship between personality traits and sleep quality that influence the quality of life

Emotional Memory and Emotional Intelligence of Individuals Diagnosed with Anti-Social Personality Disorder: Experimental Pretest-Posttest Design

BACKGROUND: Aim of current study is to compare Emotional Memory (EM) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) between two groups of healthy people and individuals diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD).MATERIALS &amp; METHODS: Current study is an experimental pretest-posttest study with case-group and control group, which was conducted between 2014-2015 at Zare Psychiatric hospital (Sari, Mazandaran Province, Iran). Statistical Society of this study was chosen via convenient sampling method; our sample was consisted of 80 individuals (men and women) that were divided into two groups of 40 healthy and 40 patients with APD. Subsequently, they answered to SCID-II (Structured Clinical Interview For DSM Disorders), Baron EQ-I (Emotional Quotient Inventory), WMS (Wechsler Memory Scale) and they looked at Picture Slides (Story). In order to analyze the findings of current study, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, multiple covariance analysis (MANCOVA) and independent t-test were used.RESULTS: The findings showed that antisocial patients demonstrated lower score EM and EI.CONCLUSION: Emotional memory of ASPD individuals tends to be less than normal individuals. Furthermore, emotional intelligence of healthy individuals are higher that ASPD patients. It appears plausible that ASPD individuals tend to suffer in remembering their emotions due to their inability to retrieve emotional memories.</jats:p

The Effect of Buprenorphine vs. Methadone on Sleep Breathing Disorders

Opioids are used widely as analgesics and can play an important role in agonist maintenance therapy for opium dependence. Despite their benefits, the negative effects on the respiratory system remain an important side effect to be considered. Ataxic breathing, obstructive sleep apnea, and most of all central sleep apnea are among these concerns. Obstructive sleep apnea leads to various metabolic, cardiovascular, cognitive, and mental side effects and may result in abrupt mortality. Buprenorphine is a semisynthetic opioid, a partial mu-opioid agonist with limited respiratory toxicity preferably used by these patients, as it is accompanied by significantly lower risk factors in the development of obstructive and central sleep apnea. In this manuscript, the case of a patient is reported who underwent methadone maintenance therapy which was shifted to buprenorphine in order to observe possible changes in sleep-related breathing disorders. The results of this study indicate a reduction in these problems through the desaturation and apnea hypopnea index of methadone substituted by buprenorphine while no change in sleepiness was observed

Investigating the Factors Affecting the Length of Stay of Patients Admitted To Psychiatry Hospital at North of Iran

Background and purpose: Length of stay is one of the most useful indicators, which can be used for aims, such as managing hospital, determining quality of control and available resources of the hospital. Concerning the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the community, studying the factors affecting the length of stay of these patients in psychiatric hospitals seemed to be useful and significant. Materials and methods: The present research was a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 152 patients with psychiatric disorders hospitalized in the Psychiatry Hospital of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The final diagnosis of psychiatric disorder based on the DSM-V criteria and the length of stay at the end was recorded. The collected data were then analyzed by SPSS Software ver. 16 Results: Length of stay was significantly higher in men than women (p <0.001). In terms of diagnosis, the maximum duration of hospitalization was related to psychotic disorders (p = 0.001), and the length of stay increased significantly 0.21 day for each time of hospitalization. (p=0.008) Conclusion: The length of stay in men with psychotic disorders and more frequent hospitalization was found to be higher than others. Hence, it seemed necessary to consider plans about these patients

Investigating the Factors Affecting the Length of Stay of Patients Admitted To Psychiatry Hospital at North of Iran

Background and Purpose: Length of stay is one of the most useful indicators, which can be used for aims, such as managing hospital, determining quality of control and available resources of the hospital. Concerning the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the community, studying the factors affecting the length of stay of these patients in psychiatric hospitals seemed to be useful and significant.&#x0D; Materials and methods: The present research was a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 152 patients with psychiatric disorders hospitalized in the Psychiatry Hospital of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The final diagnosis of psychiatric disorder based on the DSM-V criteria and the length of stay at the end was recorded. The collected data were then analyzed by SPSS Software ver. 16&#x0D; Results: Length of stay was significantly higher in men than women (p &lt;0.001). In terms of diagnosis, the maximum duration of hospitalization was related to psychotic disorders (p = 0.001), and the length of stay increased significantly 0.21 day for each time of hospitalization. (p=0.008)&#x0D; Conclusion: The length of stay in men with psychotic disorders and more frequent hospitalization was found to be higher than others. Hence, it seemed necessary to consider plans about these patients.</jats:p