A Critical Review Philosophy of Psychology

After the approval of the title of “Philosophy of Science in Psychology” as a two-credit course for undergraduate university students of psychology, several textbooks were developed with a similar title. The most recent textbook, by Dr. Khosro Bagheri was published by the Organization for Researching and Composing University Textbooks in the Humanities. Taking these two points into consideration, the current book is introduced and evaluated; however, its modification and completion in the next edition will certainly provide an opportunity for a unique textbook to be developed in philosophy of psychology. In the present study, after the introduction of different chapters of “Philosophy of Psychology Science”, the book is evaluated from several angles, including (the appearance, title, consistency with the approved course of this credit, appropriateness with the approved syllables of the relevant courses, and the appropriateness of books with similar books). The evaluation result indicate that the present book “Philosophy of Psychology Science” which is written by Khosro Bagheri, as a textbook of “Philosophy of Psychology Science”, has many advantages; however, it revision in the next edition in terms of name, volume, chapter numbers, title and content, is needed in order for it to be matched well with the developed topics for this course. Finally, one suggestion would be offered, improving the philosophy of psychology science course and some reasons for that

First Report of Three Cases of a Rare Blood Group Oh “Bombay Phenotype” in a Family in Yazd, Iran

The Bombay (Oh) Phenotype is a rare blood group. Phenotypes of this group lack H antigens on their red blood cell membrane and have strongly reactive anti-H in the serum for which patients can receive only autologus or Bombay phenotype red blood cells. We report three cases with Bombay blood group in the city of Yazd to emphasize the transfusion challenges in such patients

Blood Group Discrepancies at a Regional Blood Center

Background: Blood group testing is an important part of supplying safe blood components in blood transfusion centers. Blood group discrepancy develops when reactions in forward grouping do not correspond with reverse grouping or if the preceding and recent results do not match. This study aimed to evaluate ABO blood group discrepancies among blood donors of Yazd, Iran.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data of blood donors were obtained from the integrated database of Yazd Blood Transfusion Center during a period of eight years (2010 – 2017). Tube testing was used for determining the ABO blood groups. A serological workup was performed for diagnosis and determination of the discrepancy. Confirmation of the results was accomplished by the reference laboratory of immunohematology.&#x0D; Results: Blood group discrepancies were detected in 130 (0.04%) out of 322,222 donations. Technical/Clerical errors leading to ABO discrepancy were noticed in 12 (9.3%) cases. The most frequent cause of ABO discrepancies in forward grouping was subgroups of A Antigen (44.6%) and in reverse grouping was cold autoantibody (23.9%). There were 11 (8.4%) cases with alloantibodies. Two blood donors with rare Bombay phenotype and p blood group were also identified.&#x0D; Conclusion: For minimizing Technical/Clerical errors, accurate blood donor or sample identification programs should be implemented. All cases of blood group discrepancies should be carefully investigated, and blood donors should be informed appropriately.</jats:p

Creating a Training Package to Reduce Self-Injurious Behaviors, Based on the Lived Experiences of Teenagers Suffering From Self-Injurious Behaviors

The present study aimed to develop and validate an educational program designed to reduce self-injurious behavior (SIB) among adolescents. This program was developed based on the real-life experiences of adolescents who engage in self-harming behaviors. Employing a qualitative research approach, specifically the phenomenological method, the study encompassed all adolescents displaying self-harming behaviors in Shiraz city. The sampling process was deliberate, with the sample size determined by reaching a point of theoretical saturation. Ultimately, the perspectives of 15 adolescents (comprising 8 girls and 7 boys) were actively incorporated into the development of this educational and therapeutic package. This process involved the formulation of a model based on their lived experiences, which consisted of three core themes and 13 sub-themes. The end result was an educational-therapeutic package specifically designed to mitigate self-harming behaviors. The content validity of this educational-therapeutic package was assessed and confirmed using the content validity (Lawshe method). Importantly, this package holds significant potential for use in implementing educational and therapeutic interventions aimed at addressing self-harming behaviors among adolescents. These interventions can be effectively delivered within the context of schools, counseling centers, and educational institutions

Examining the Effectiveness of Wise Parenting in Social-Emotional Values and Resilience among Preschool Children

Background and Objectives: Wisdom is an emerging topic in education and psychology. The present study aimed to incorporate the principles and characteristics of wisdom into parenting programs and examine the effectiveness of wise parenting in social-emotional values and resilience among preschool children. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population consisted of mothers of preschool children (ages 4-6) in Isfahan in 2023. Participants were selected through multistage cluster random sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 mothers per group). The research instrument was a scale measuring social and emotional values and resilience in preschool children, completed by the mothers. The experimental group received ten 90-minute sessions of wise parenting training, while the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 23) using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: The results indicated that wise parenting training significantly improved children's social and emotional values and resilience (P<0.05). In the experimental group, the mean score increased from 55.26±13.45 in the pre-test to 99.26±9.85 in the post-test, whereas the control group showed no significant difference between the pre-test (70.13±23.41) and post-test (71.13±22.53) scores. Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, wise parenting can enhance social-emotional values and resilience in preschool children. Therefore, it is recommended that wise parenting be integrated into parental education programs alongside other existing parenting approaches