Evaluation of scoliosis screening results in 10-14 years old students of Shahrekord

زمینه و هدف: اسکولیوز Scoliosis)) به انحنای جانبی غیر طبیعی و بیش از ده درجه ای ستون فقرات اطلاق می شود و شایع ترین نوع آن، اسکولیوز با علت نامشخص بالغین یا بزرگسالان Adolescent idiopathic)) است. ساده ترین و اقتصادی ترین روش تشخیص اسکولیوز، غربالگری این بیماری در مدارس به هنگام جهش رشد کودکان که مرحله شروع به پیشرفت آن است، می باشد. لذا این پژوهش به منظور غربالگری بیماران مبتلا به اسکولیوز بزگسالان در مدارس شهرستان شهرکرد در محدوده سنی 14-10 سال انجام شد. روش بررسی: 936 دانش آموز 14-10 ساله از مدارس شهرکرد که با روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه ای انتخاب شدند در یک مطالعه توصیفی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. بررسی بر اساس مشاهده نواحی آناتومیک نامتقارن، مانند زوائد خاری، لگن و شانه ها و انجام تست معاینه ستون فقرات پس از خم شدن به جلو (Adam’s forward bending test) و اندازه گیری رادیوگرافیک زاویه انحناء ستون فقرات (Cobb’s angle) بود. یافته ها: از 936 دانش آموز معاینه شده 86 نفر به درمانگاه ارتوپدی ارجاع داده شدند که از آنها 7 نفر(7/.) اسکولیوز با علت نامشخص داشتند. 5 نفر از بیماران مؤنث (71) و 2 نفر (29) مذکر بودند. 2 نفر (29) از بیماران دارای انحنای توراسیک، 4 نفر (57) انحنای توراکولومبار و یک نفر (14) انحنای لومبار داشتندکه انحنای لومبار از نوع مادرزادی بود. 2 نفر از بیماران (29) سابقه خانوادگی مثبت از بیماری داشتند. بطور کلی شیوع اسکولیوز با علت نامشخص 7/0 بود. هر هفت نفر زودتر از همکلاسی های خود در فعالیت های ورزشی خسته می شدند و شیوع کمر درد در آنها بیشتر بود. پنج نفر از بیماران به سن بلوغ رسیده بودند و دو نفر دیگر شامل یک دختر و یک پسر زیر سن بلوغ بودند. دو نفر از دخترها و یک نفر از پسرها نیاز به جراحی و سه نفر از دخترها و یک نفر از پسرها نیاز به درمان با بریس داشتند. نتیجه گیری: با این روش بیماران به سرعت و به سادگی تشخیص داده می شوند. در نتیجه از پیشرفت انحناء ستون فقرات (Curve progression) و اختلال عملکرد تنه و اندام ها جلوگیری شده نمائیم و نیاز به جراحی کاسته می شود

The Role and Capability of Imami Educational Systems in Islamic Culture and Civilization Progress (Considering the First Five Centuries)

Among all aspects of cultural and civilization activities, teaching science and politeness has been one of the most interesting topics. Today, this topic also likes one of the main signs of development for societies and countries. It is clear that educational system has an important role and also motivator of designing culture and civilization as one part of Islamic civilization structure. But, considering some critics about disability of Imami educational systems and their achievements at the first five centuries, their performance not only should be admired, but also its role must be considered and studied as one of the main influential existence. So, this research deals with this topic and considers both the critics and capabilities of this educational system. Considering the goal of establishing the Imami educational system, it is found that the system, for the sake of having some components which have abilities to design and make capacities, has an important role to design and progress the Islamic culture and civilization. Shia’ by utilizing their advance thoughts, they could design and generate science and politeness and has important role in both the educational systems, and culture and civilization progress

How Faculty AI Familiarity Shapes AI Policies and Adoption

An increasing number of organizations are adopting and implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance their performance (Ng et al., 2021). Similarly, universities are increasingly using AI for various research, teaching, and learning purposes. In particular, many instructors are adopting AI in their courses for tasks such as writing exam questions, (re)designing assignments, planning class activities, grading and providing feedback (Jürgensmeier & Skiera, 2024). Moreover, instructors apply different course policies that regulate the extent to which students are allowed to use AI. While prior research has examined organizational factors shaping these policies, there is limited understanding of the individual factors that lead instructors to completely ban, partially allow, or fully encourage student use of AI. For example, tech-savvy instructors are more likely to adopt generative AI (Gen-AI) tools such as ChatGPT in educational settings (Acosta-Enriquez et al., 2024) whereas, some instructors in writing-intensive discipline argue that such tools may hinder students’ writing and critical thinking skills (Warschauer, 2023). As such, this study posits that individual factors, particularly instructors’ background and familiarity with AI, may shape the AI policies and adoption behaviors. The objective of this research is to examine how instructors’ familiarity with AI affects the development and implementation of AI policies in higher education courses. Specifically, the study aims to identify the individual-level factors that affect instructor’s decision to ban, partially allow, or fully encourage student use of Gen- AI tools such as ChatGPT. The main research question is: How does an instructor’s familiarity with AI influence their policy decisions regarding student use of Gen-AI in higher education? This study aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on AI adoption in academia. To investigate the relationship between instructors’ AI familiarity and their course-level AI policies, this study adopts a sequential mixed-method approach. First, qualitative data will be collected through semi-structured interviews with university instructors to explore their experiences, beliefs, and contextual considerations in adopting AI tools for teaching. These interviews will help uncover individual-level factors shaping policy decisions. Drawing on insights from the interviews and the AI literacy framework, we will develop hypotheses and design a structured online survey. This survey will be distributed broadly to collect quantitative data on instructors’ AI familiarity, policy type (ban, partial allowance, or full encouragement), and demographic or contextual variables. This mixed-method design enables a deep understanding of instructors’ perspectives while supporting broader generalizability across diverse academic institutions

Comparison Mother-Child Relationship between ADHD and Normal Children

ABSTRACT: Mother-child relationship can affect children's personality, and cause, change or reinforce positive or negative behavioral characteristics. How mothers' treat their children, can have long-term effects on children's behavior, performance, expectations and finally their personality in the future. The purpose of this study is to examine mother-child relationship in hyperactive children and compare it with normal children. To conduct this research, 34 elementary school boys, aging from 6 to 12 suffering from hyperactivity disorder and normal ones were convenience sampled from the elementary schools of Roudan in 2012. They were given the child-parent questionnaire and also the hyperactivity checklist. Method: this is a qualitative-descriptive and Ex post facto research. The results showed that hyperactivity has a positive correlation with parents' over supportiveness and child acceptance; and negative correlation with child rejection and leniency

The Radiographic Findings in Travelers with Chest Trauma Referred to a Tertiary Hospital in South Khorasan, Iran

Introduction: Currently, trauma is the main reason of mortality among 1-44 years old people and the third common reason of death throughout all ages. The aim of this study is to examine the radiographic findings in chest trauma patients referring to the Imam Reza Hospital in Birjand during the years of 2013-2014. Methods: The patients meeting the criteria for the entrance to the study were examined and the frequency of radiographic findings in conventional x-ray and CT scan in the mentioned patients was recorded. After data collection, they were introduced to the SPSS 15 software, in which descriptive statistics and suitable statistical tests were analyzed at α=0.05. Results: Based on the results of this study, the most common radiologic finding in chest trauma patients was rib fracture (21.9%). Other radiologic findings, in order of prevalence, were: clavicle fracture (11.7%), pneumothorax (9.3%), spine fracture (7.6%), Hemothorax (6.3%), increased heart shadow (2.2%), wide mediastinum (1.9%), sternum fracture (1.7%), and pleural effusion (1.2%), respectively. There was a significant relationship between radiologic findings and the type of trauma (PConclusion: We found that clavicle fracture, pneumothorax, spine fracture, and hemothorax are the most common findings followings in chest trauma. Based on the results, as the type of trauma (penetrating or blunt) can have a direct relationship with its resulting pathology, modification of sociocultural structures should be considered in this regard

Higher Sensitivity of Female Cells to Ethanol: Methylation of DNA Lowers Cyp2e1, Generating more ROS

Background: Cells taken from mouse embryos before sex differentiation respond to insults according to their chromosomal sex, a difference traceable to differential methylation. We evaluated the mechanism for this difference in the controlled situation of their response to ethanol. Methods: We evaluated the expression of mRNA for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehyrogenases (ALDH), and a cytochrome P450 isoenzyme (Cyp2e1) in male and female mice, comparing the expressions to toxicity under several experimental conditions evaluating redox and other states. Results: Females are more sensitive to ethanol. Disulfiram, which inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), increases cell death in males, eliminating the sex dimorphism. The expressions ADH Class 1 to 4 and ALDH Class 1 and 2 do not differ by sex. However, females express approximately 8X more message for Cyp2e1, an enzyme in the noncanonical pathway. Female cells produce approximately 15% more ROS (reactive oxygen species) than male cells, but male cells contain approximately double the concentration of GSH, a ROS scavenger. Scavenging ROS with Nacetyl cysteine reduces cell death and eliminates sex dimorphism. Finally, since many of the differences in gene expression derive from methylation of DNA, we exposed cells to the methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza- 2- deoxycytidine; blocking methylation eliminates both the difference in expression of Cyp2e1 and cell death. Conclusion: We conclude that the sex-differential cell death caused by ethanol derives from sex dimorphic methylation of Cyp2e1 gene, resulting in generation of more ROS. Keywords: Sex differences, Cyp450, ROS, Cell death, Methylatio

Fibro-osseous pseudotumor of the digit

Fibro-osseous pseudotumor of the digit is an unusual ossifying soft tissue lesion, which is usually an ill-defined soft tissue mass in radiography, with focal calcification, especially in the proximal phalanx. It predominantly affects young adults and, unlike myositis ossificans, is more common in women. The current case is a 30-year-old man who presented with pain and swelling on the dorsum of middle phalanx of the left index finger without history of trauma. Diagnosis of this lesion requires a high index of suspicion and should be differentiated from myositis ossificans, turret exostosis, and extra-skeletal osteosarcoma, which are discussed. This lesion is considered benign and has an excellent prognosis following complete removal and local recurrence is unusual. No cases of malignant change are on record