Crisis económica en España y sus factores determinantes

El trabajo trata de analizar las causas o factores determinantes de la crisis en España desde el punto de vista de la teoría Keynesiana, analizando la evolución de factores como la inversión, el consumo y el trabajo, desembocando en medidas que se pueden tomar para la salida de la crisis.Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresa

Evaluation of Enzyme Additives on the Nutritional Use of Feeds with a High Content of Plant Ingredients for Mugil cephalus

The Mugilidae are a group of fish with a great interest for aquaculture due to their omnivorous profile, rapid growth, and resistance to environmental variations. The selection of feed ingredients for these species is currently focused on an extensive use of plant by-products, with this being limited by their content in anti-nutritive factors (mainly phytate and non-starch polysaccharides; NSPs). Nevertheless, specific enzymes can be used to counteract some of those negative effects. In the present study, the effect of pretreating two high-plant feeds with a mixture of enzymes (glucanases + phytase) on the digestive use of protein and phosphorus by juvenile mullets (Mugil cephalus) was assessed using both in vitro and in vivo assays. The enzymatic treatment significantly modified the potential bioavailability of some nutrients, such as a reduction of sugars, pentoses, and phytic phosphorus. Also, it increased the digestibility of protein in one of the feeds but reduced that of phosphorus in both of them. The potential usefulness of enzyme treatment and the information provided by the two types of assays are discusse

Why do we preserve biodiversity? A brief sociological, psychological and moral review

En este trabajo se muestran, de manera muy sucinta, algunos conceptos fundamentales sobre los valores que subyacen en la toma de las decisiones sobre la conservación de la biodiversidad, así como las bases psicológicas de la deliberación en este contexto. Para ello, se describe, en primer lugar, un modelo sociológico clásico que ayuda a predecir la asignación de recursos para la conservación, basado en la construcción social y el poder “político” oculto de las diferentes especies. En segundo lugar, se vincula dicho modelo con la taxonomía de valores subyacentes (no necesariamente excluyentes). Finalmente, se discute la base psicológica de la deliberación valorativa a partir de la teoría de los Dos Sistemas de Kahneman, poniendo como ejemplo la teoría de las intuiciones morales de Haidt. En conjunto, se espera que este trabajo aporte un bosquejo útil sobre las bases sociológicas, psicológicas y morales de las políticas de conservación.This paper briefly shows some fundamental concepts about the values that underlie decision making on biodiversity conservation, as well as the psychological bases of the deliberation in this context. First, it is described a classical sociological model that helps to predict the allocation of resources for conservation, based on social construction and the hidden "political" power of different species. Secondly, this model is linked to the taxonomy of underlying values (not necessarily excluding). Finally, the psychological basis of value deliberation is discussed based on the theory of the Two Systems of Kahneman, taking as an example the Haidt's theory of moral intuitions. Overall, it is expected that this paper will be a useful summary of the sociological, psychological and moral basis of the conservation policies

Reproductive inequalities in the acanthocephalan Corynosoma cetaceum: looking beyond "crowding" effects

Background: At present, much research effort has been devoted to investigate overall (average) responses of parasite populations to specific factors, e.g., density-dependence in fecundity or mortality. However, studies on parasite populations usually pay little attention to individual variation (inequality) in reproductive success. A previous study on the acanthocephalan Corynosoma cetaceum in franciscana dolphins, Pontoporia blainvillei, revealed no overall intensity-dependent, or microhabitat effects, on mass and fecundity of worms. In this study, we investigated whether the same factors could influence mass inequalities for this species of acanthocephalan.Methods: A total of 10,138 specimens of C. cetaceum were collected from 10 franciscana dolphins accidentally caught in Buenos Aires Province between 1988-1990. To investigate mass inequalities, all the specimens were sexed, and females were classified according to their developmental stage and weighted. Additionally, the relationship between biomass and fecundity (estimated as the number of acanthors) was investigated for some females. Inequalities in fecundity and biomass were assessed using standard methods, i.e. the Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient (G).Results: We found a modest, but highly significant linear relationship between mass and fecundity. The G was very low (0.314) compared with that from other helminth species. G values were significantly lower in gravid females, which presumably exhibit a slow rate of growth. Also, G values significantly increased with total intensity, but only for gravid females, and the effect was more predictable considering only the number of gravid females.Conclusions: Apparently, competition between reproducing females increases inequality without producing crowding effects. Although the mechanism whereby this occurs is unclear, gravid females, at higher intensities, expanded their distribution and occupied gut chambers with contrasting environmental conditions, which might result in greater variability in body size. The observed inequalities are not expected to strongly influence the population genetics of C. cetaceum, but they reveal subtle individual effects beyond an overall population impact.Fil: Aznar Avendaño, Francisco Javier. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Hernández Orts, Jesús Servando. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos "Almirante Storni". - Provincia de Río Negro. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca. Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos "Almirante Storni". Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos "Almirante Storni"; ArgentinaFil: Vélez Rubio, Gabriela Manuela. Universidad de Valencia; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Fernández, Luis M.. Ceiba Foundation for Tropical Conservation; Estados UnidosFil: Muriel, Nadia T.. No especifíca;Fil: Raga, Juan Antonio. Universidad de Valencia; Españ

Are epizoites biological indicators of a western Mediterranean striped dolphin die-off?

During a die-off of Mediterranean striped dolphins Stenella coeruleoalba in 1990-91, 82 individuals stranded on the Spanish coast were examined for crustacean ectoparasites and epizoites. Six species were detected: Syncyarnus aequus, PenneUa sp., Xenobalanus globicipitis, Conchoderma virgatum, Lepas pectinata and Lepas cf. hillii. The barnacles L. pectinata and L. cf. hillii are reported here for the first time on cetaceans; they were attached to the teeth. C. virgaturn was also found on the teeth; this is an unusual attachment on cetaceans. X. globicipitis showed a higher prevalence on the dolphins studied than on those stranded in the same months before (1980 to 1990) and after (1991 to 1993) the epizootic. An analysis of shell and pseudocapitulum sizes of the X. globicipitis infrapopulations indicated possible recent colonization. It is suggested that settlement of some epizoites might have increased due to reduced movement of the dolphins and/or impaired regenerative and immune functioning of the skin prior to death. This might account for the exceptional occurrence of Lepas spp. attached on the teeth, the unusual attachment of C. virgatum, and the higher prevalence and apparently young infrapopulations of X. globicipitis.Aznar Avendano Francisco Javier [email protected] Balbuena Diaz-Pines, Juan Antonio, [email protected] ; Raga Esteve, Juan Antonio, [email protected]

Algoritmo para la adaptación paramétrica de un sistema borroso mediante el filtro de Kalman extendido

La fase de modelado es fundamental tanto en el proceso de análisis de un sistema dinámico como en el de diseño de un sistema de control. Esta fase es aún más crítica si se realiza en línea y la única información que se posee del sistema proviene de datos de entrada-salida del mismo. En este trabajo se presenta un algoritmo para la adaptación paramétrica de un sistema borroso basado en el filtro de Kalman extendido, el cual permite obtener modelos precisos sin renunciar a la eficiencia computacional que caracteriza al filtro de Kalman, y que permite su aplicación en línea con el proceso

Presence of Genital Spines in a Male Corynosoma cetaceum Johnston and Best, 1942 (Acanthocephala)

We collected 83 females and 80 males of Corynosoma cetaceum from 2 common dolphins, Delphinus delphis, collected in northern Patagonia (Argentina). Worms were most similar to specimens collected in other South American localities. However, 1 male had 2 spines adjacent to the genital pore and isolated from the rest of body spines. This finding confirms the recent reassignment of C. cetaceum to Corynosoma. Absence of genital spines is suggested to be avoided as the sole criterion to exclude specimens from Corynosoma or Andracantha.Aznar Avendaño, Francisco Javier, [email protected] ; Raga Esteve, Juan Antonio, [email protected]

Percepciones del alumnado sobre el blended learning en la universidad

Este trabajo describe las principales aportaciones presentadas por el alumnado, con motivo de la puesta en práctica de un proyecto de innovación docente (2005) en la Universidad de Córdoba, centrado en el desarrollo de una metodología docente semipresencial (blended learning) me diante un entorno virtual en la titulación de Psicopedagogía. También se recogen los resultados más significativos del mismo proyecto implementado posteriormente en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Granada. La reflexión acerca de las fortalezas y debilidades manifestadas por los destinatarios directos del proceso de convergencia europeo, como son los estudiantes, permitirá la mejora de la reestructuración de una enseñanza acorde con las necesidades formativas de todos los agentes educativos implicados directa o indirectamente en este momento de cambio (profesorado, alumnado, autoridades educativas, etc.).__________________________________This paper describes the main contributions by students from a Teaching Innovation Project (2005) at the University of Córdoba focused on a part-time attendance teaching methodology (blended learning) through a virtual space within the degree of Educational Psychology. The most relevant contributions to the project (later applied in the Faculty of Educational Sciences in the University of Granada, Spain) are also collected. The students’ thoughts on the strengths and weakness as the main receptors of teaching in the European Space are an important factor in the improvement of teaching restructuring, based on the training necessities of all the educational agents involved directly and indirectly in this moment of change (teachers, students, educational authorities, etc.)

Propuestas de trabajo innovadoras y colaborativas e-learning 2.0 como demanda de la sociedad del conocimiento

La evolución del tradicional concepto de e-learning está presente, en gran medida, gracias a la introducción de herramientas web 2.0 en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la Universidad. Una evolución (e-learning 2.0) que advierte de la promoción de un alumno o alumna comprometido con su aprendizaje, que construye significativamente, que potencia el trabajo en red y que subraya capacidad ante los procesos innovadores mediante el cambio de actitud necesario. El proyecto Redes Interuniversitarias no es más que la verificación y proyección de dichos principios en el intento de la mejora de la calidad