Gauge-invariant implications of the LHCb measurements on Lepton-Flavour Non-Universality

We study the implications of the recent measurements of $R_K$ and $R_{K^*}$ by the LHCb collaboration. We do that by adopting a model-independent approach based on the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), in which the dominant new physics effects are encoded in the coefficients of dimension-six operators respecting the full Standard Model (SM) gauge symmetry. After providing simplified expressions for $R_K$ and $R_{K^\ast}$, we determine the implications of the recent LHCb results for these observables on the coefficients of the SMEFT operators at low and high energies. We also take into account all $b\to s \ell\ell$ data, which combined lead to effective New Physics (NP) scenarios with SM pulls in excess of 5~$\sigma$. Thus the operators discussed in this paper would be the first dimension-six terms in the SM Lagrangian to be detected experimentally. Indirect constraints on these operators are also discussed. The results of this paper transcend the singularity of the present situation, and set a standard for future analyses in $b\to s$ transitions when the NP is assumed to lie above the electroweak scale.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables. v2: references added, typos corrected, improved discussion in Sec. V, corrected coefficient of C7 in formula for RKstar in the low-bin, new figure with global fit in terms of SMEFT coefficients. Conclusions unchanged. v3: minor addition, shorter version to be published in PR

Phenomenology of an SU(2)×SU(2)×U(1)SU(2) \times SU(2) \times U(1) model with lepton-flavour non-universality

We investigate a gauge extension of the Standard Model in light of the observed hints of lepton universality violation in $b \to c \ell \nu$ and $b \to s \ell^+ \ell^-$ decays at BaBar, Belle and LHCb. The model consists of an extended gauge group $\mathrm{SU(2)}_{1} \times \mathrm{SU(2)}_{2} \times \mathrm{U(1)}_Y$ which breaks spontaneously around the TeV scale to the electroweak gauge group. Fermion mixing effects with vector-like fermions give rise to potentially large new physics contributions in flavour transitions mediated by $W^{\prime}$ and $Z^{\prime}$ bosons. This model can ease tensions in $B$-physics data while satisfying stringent bounds from flavour physics, tau decays, and electroweak precision data. Possible ways to test the proposed new physics scenario with upcoming experimental measurements are discussed. Among other predictions, the lepton flavour violating ratios $R_M$, with $M = K^*, \phi$, are found to be reduced with respect to the Standard Model expectation $R_M \simeq 1$.Comment: 46 pages, 11 figures. v2: version published in JHE

Lepton Flavor Non-Universality in B decays from Dynamical Yukawas

The basic features of quark and lepton mass matrices can be successfully explained by natural minima of a generic potential with dynamical Yukawa fields invariant under the $[\mathrm{SU(3)}]^5\times \mathcal{O}(3)$ flavor symmetry. If this symmetry is gauged, in order to avoid potentially dangerous Goldstone bosons, and small perturbations are added to exactly fit the observed pattern of fermion masses, the spectrum of massive flavor gauge bosons can naturally explain the hints for new physics in $b\to s \ell^+\ell^-$ transitions, including $R_K$. In particular, the desired pattern of the Standard Model Yukawa couplings is compatible with a gauged $\mathrm{U(1)}_q$ in the quark sector, and $\mathrm{U(1)}_{\mu-\tau}$ in the lepton sector spontaneously broken around the TeV scale. In order to explain the aforementioned experimental hints, the corresponding neutral gauge bosons are required to mix, yielding to potentially observable signals in dimuon resonance searches at the LHC.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures. v2: version published in Phys.Lett.

A three-site gauge model for flavor hierarchies and flavor anomalies

We present a three-site Pati-Salam gauge model able to explain the Standard Model flavor hierarchies while, at the same time, accommodating the recent experimental hints of lepton-flavor non-universality in $B$ decays. The model is consistent with low- and high-energy bounds, and predicts a rich spectrum of new states at TeV scale that could be probed in the near future by the high-$p_T$ experiments at the LHC.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures. v2: Added section II.B, matching the PLB versio

Complexity and constructivism in the new tradition of post-war architecture

Além da arquitetura, outras disciplinas têm se interessado pelos aspectos intangíveis, simbólicos ou socioculturais do espaço edificado, buscando ferramentas teóricas para seu estudo. Neste documento, questiona-se o alcance do Modernismo como uma mudança de teorias e conceitos sobre o espaço e o tempo, categorias que são comparadas com outros conceitos-chave referentes ao significado que se dá aos lugares habitados e à experiência humana e corporal destes. Quais conquistas há na tentativa de expressar ou manifestar as experiências sensíveis, emocionais, subjetivas e simbólicas do espaço urbano e arquitetônico? Foram observadas concepções referentes à vida subjetiva ou mental das pessoas em sua interação com o espaço urbano e arquitetônico, tais como: habitar, imaginários, espacialidade, significado etc., que podem ser examinados como processos cognitivos, segundo diferentes correntes em arquitetura, que integram neurociências, ciências cognitivas e fenomenologia, entre outras, a partir de uma visão construtivista, distinta do dualismo cartesiano.In addition to architecture, other disciplines have been interested in the intangible, symbolic, or socio-cultural aspects of built space, looking for theoretical tools for their study. This paper questions the scope of modernism as a change of theories and concepts about space and time, categories that are compared with other key concepts regarding the meaning given to inhabited places, as well as human and corporal experiences in them. What are the achievements in attempting to express or manifest sensitive, emotional, subjective, and symbolic experiences in urban and architectural spaces? The paper identifies concepts referring to the subjective or mental life of people in their interaction with urban and architectural spaces, such as the act of inhabiting, imaginaries, spatiality, meaning, etc., which can be examined as cognitive processes, according to different currents in architecture, which integrate neurosciences, cognitive sciences, and phenomenology, among others, from a constructivist perspective, different from Cartesian dualism.Además de la arquitectura, otras disciplinas se han interesado por los aspectos intangibles, simbólicos o socioculturales del espacio edificado, buscando herramientas teóricas para su estudio. En este documento se cuestiona el alcance del Modernismo como un cambio de teorías y conceptos sobre el espacio y el tiempo, categorías que se comparan con otros conceptos clave referentes al significado que se da a los lugares habitados, y a la experiencia humana y corporal de los mismos. ¿Qué logros hay en el intento de expresar o manifestar las experiencias sensibles, emocionales, subjetivas y simbólicas del espacio urbano y arquitectónico? Se observan concepciones referentes a la vida subjetiva o mental de las personas en su interacción con el espacio urbano y arquitectónico, tales como: habitar, imaginarios, espacialidad, significado, etc., que pueden ser examinados como procesos cognitivos, según distintas corrientes en arquitectura, que integran neurociencias, ciencias cognitivas y fenomenología, entre otras, desde una visión constructivista, distinta al dualismo cartesiano

An approach to the architectural space

Starting from the apparent built space the intentions and their inhabitants’ mental experiences or manufacturers, for example, meanings, memories, constructive outlines, I attach for the places, etc., ¿What type of knowledge is it possible about the intangible cultural patrimony related with the built space? An answer thinks about from the studies of the complexity. It takes as fact the meaning and the conception of this space summarizing this way other involved factors, as the linguistic rules and of classification of the environment in the social, territorial and psychological planes. Comparing concepts key used in you discipline dedicated to the topic, ace the symbols and the intentions expressed in to certain cheat-space, they intend the principles of the complexity to demonstrate the resources among different levels of reality, ace the social, mental territorial and. It confirms the role of the systems of rules and models of perception and action in the classification of the built spacePartiendo de que el espacio construido manifiesta las intenciones y experiencias mentales de sus habitantes o constructores, por ejemplo, significados, recuerdos, esquemas constructivos, apego por los lugares, etc., ¿qué tipo de conocimiento es posible acerca del patrimonio cultural intangible relacionado con el espacio construido? Una respuesta se plantea desde los estudios de la complejidad. Se toma como hecho el significado y la concepción de dicho espacio resumiendo así otros factores involucrados, como las reglas lingüísticas y de ordenamiento del entorno en los planos social, territorial y psicológico. Comparando conceptos clave usados en disciplinas dedicadas al tema, como los símbolos y las intenciones expresados en un determinado tiempo-espacio, se proponen los principios de la complejidad para demostrar la recursividad entre distintos niveles de realidad, como el social, mental y territorial. Se confirma el papel de los sistemas de reglas y modelos de percepción y acción en el ordenamiento del espacio construido

Retos, reformas y futuro del sistema nacional de salud

Universalism and decentralization constitute the main characteristics of the Spanish SNS. In addition to the budgetary pressures common to all health systems in Western countries (growth of age-related health costs, increased social expectations, the consequences of the growing social inequality, and technological development) there are specific structural tensions that signal the weaknesses in the institutional architecture of the Spanish healthcare system (complexity of its multilevel governance structure). The current context of economic and fiscal crisis has led Spanish health authorities to adopt a series of measures (budget cuts, reduction in the coverage of the system,privatization, and reform of health governance) that threaten to undermine the SNS as a universalist and decentralized system as it has been built during the last three decades

Inmigración y Estado de Bienestar en España

The position of Spain in the international migration system has substantially changed over the last decade. The settlement of immigrant communities poses a series of important challenges to Spanish society. The social protection schemes included in the welfare state are considerably affected by the social, political, cultural and demographic transformations derived from this phenomenon. On the one hand these schemes must define the way to grant access to their services and benefits to the new residents (definition of the boundaries of entitlement to access the health care system, the social services, the education system or the housing policies). On the other hand, they need to articulate mechanisms to respond to the differential demands of a changing population (in terms of socio-demographic structure, cultural and linguistic profiles, as well as biological characteristics). The welfare regime is also subject to a modification in the social perception of its legitimacy due to the increase of the internal social heterogeneity. In addition to posing a challenge, this phenomenon constitutes in itself a good opportunity to identify the weaker points of the social protection system, a necessary step to reinforce it and to guarantee its future sustainability