Factores de Riesgo Asociados a Sepsis Neonatal en Recién Nacidos en el Hospital Victoria Motta,Ciudad de Jinotega,II Semestre 2014

En el presente estudio se determinan los principales factores de riesgo asociados a Sepsis Neonatal en el Hospital “Victoria Motta”, Jinotega. Durante el II semestre 2014, 646 Neonatos fueron ingresados al servicio de neonatología, 156 se etiquetaron como sospechosos de sepsis. Se analizó una muestra de 193 Neonatos, 64 casos y 129 controles. Fueron analizados los expedientes de Neonatos con/sin signos de infección, con/sin diagnóstico de sepsis y los expedientes de mujeres puérperas. Los factores más influyentes son: una edad gestacional entre 22 y 36 semanas (OR: 6.4 IC: 2.44-17.92) junto con un bajo peso al nacer (OR: 2.74 IC: 1.22-6.12), la Ruptura Prematura de Membrana mayor de 18 horas (OR: 5.19 IC: 2.33-12-03), seguida de Infecciones del Tracto Urinario (OR: 3.97 IC: 2.01-7.93). Así, la hipótesis de que los Neonatos de madres que presentaron Infección del Tracto Urinario durante el nacimiento tienen tres veces mayor riesgo de presentar Sepsis Neonatal, no es rechazada. Se recomienda al SILAIS Jinotega, Hospital “Victoria Motta” y Atención Primaria mejorar el monitoreo, asepsia y antisepsia en áreas de atención de Neonatos, y la educación del personal de salud y la población en genera

“Look Good, Act Good”: Tipping, Emotional Labor and the Feminization of Restaurant Work

Restaurant work is a sector of the labor market that many Americans interact with, whether through being a patron or an employee. Service work accounts for a large portion of economic activity in the US. Restaurant work specifically has been feminized, on account of women being seen as a cheaper workforce starting in the 20th century. This research analyzes the intersections of gender and labor in regards to restaurant work. I investigate how emotional labor and feminization play a role in how women service workers understand they must perform to receive tips. How does feminization play into work performance (based on the perception of workers)? Are feminine tipped workers expected to perform more emotional labor? I collected data using semi-structured interviews conducted over Zoom. My argument is that the feminization of restaurant work leads women servers to perform emotional labor and alter their appearance in order to secure higher tips. Themes discovered through data analysis were gender and tipping, sexual harassment and the feminization of emotional labor. Through this research, I hope to have brought visibility to service workers and their experiences

Predicción de supervivencia de tres escalas pronósticas en pacientes cirróticos con sangrado digestivo alto de etiología variceal en el Hospital Doctor Fernando Vélez Paiz, enero 2018 a diciembre de 2021

Predicción de supervivencia de tres escalas pronósticas en pacientes cirróticos con sangrado digestivo alto de etiología variceal en el hospital Doctor Fernando Vélez Paiz durante el periodo de enero 2018 a diciembre de 2020. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, analítico, con orientación longitudinal. Se utilizaron fichas de recolección de datos y para el análisis estadístico el sistema Microsoft Excel 2013 y SPSS versión 28.0. Las variables se compararon mediante U-Mann Whitney. Se calcularon curvas ROC (Receiver Operating Curves) para cada una de las escalas evaluadas y los valores se expresaron mediante c-estadística. Con los mejores puntos de corte obtenidos de cada escala se realizó análisis de supervivencia por medio de curvas de Kaplan-Meier y prueba de log-rank. Se consideró significativa una p = 0.0

The reverse gyrase helicase-like domain is a nucleotide-dependent switch that is attenuated by the topoisomerase domain

Reverse gyrase is a topoisomerase that introduces positive supercoils into DNA in an ATP-dependent manner. It is unique to hyperthermophilic archaea and eubacteria, and has been proposed to protect their DNA from damage at high temperatures. Cooperation between its N-terminal helicase-like and the C-terminal topoisomerase domain is required for positive supercoiling, but the precise role of the helicase-like domain is currently unknown. Here, the characterization of the isolated helicase-like domain from Thermotoga maritima reverse gyrase is presented. We show that the helicase-like domain contains all determinants for nucleotide binding and ATP hydrolysis. Its intrinsic ATP hydrolysis is significantly stimulated by ssDNA, dsDNA and plasmid DNA. During the nucleotide cycle, the helicase-like domain switches between high- and low-affinity states for dsDNA, while its affinity for ssDNA in the ATP and ADP states is similar. In the context of reverse gyrase, the differences in DNA affinities of the nucleotide states are smaller, and the DNA-stimulated ATPase activity is strongly reduced. This inhibitory effect of the topoisomerase domain decelerates the progression of reverse gyrase through the nucleotide cycle, possibly providing optimal coordination of ATP hydrolysis with the complex reaction of DNA supercoiling

Mechanistic studies of the modulation of cleavage activity of topoisomerase I by DNA adducts of mono- and bi-functional PtII complexes

Using electrophoresis and replication mapping, we show that the presence of DNA adducts of bifunctional antitumor cisplatin or monodentate [PtCl(dien)]Cl (dien = diethylenetriamine) in the substrate DNA inhibits eukaryotic topoisomerase 1 (top1) action, the adducts of cisplatin being more effective. The presence of camptothecin in the samples of platinated DNA markedly enhances effects of Pt–DNA adducts on top1 activity. Interestingly, the effects of Pt–DNA adducts on the catalytic activity of top1 in the presence of camptothecin differ depending on the sequence context. A multiple metallation of the short nucleotide sequences on the scissile strand, immediately downstream of the cleavage site impedes the cleavage by top1. On the other hand, DNA cleavage by top1 at some cleavage sites which were not platinated in their close proximity is notably enhanced as a consequence of global platination of DNA. We suggest that this enhancement of DNA cleavage by top1 may consist in its inability to bind to other cleavage sites platinated in their close neighborhood; thus, more molecules of top1 may become available for cleavage at the sites where top1 normally cleaves and where platination does not interfere

The modulation of topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage and the induction of DNA–topoisomerase I crosslinks by crotonaldehyde-derived DNA adducts

Crotonaldehyde is a representative α,β-unsaturated aldehyde endowed of mutagenic and carcinogenic properties related to its propensity to react with DNA. Cyclic crotonaldehyde-derived deoxyguanosine (CrA-PdG) adducts can undergo ring opening in duplex DNA to yield a highly reactive aldehydic moiety. Here, we demonstrate that site-specifically modified DNA oligonucleotides containing a single CrA-PdG adduct can form crosslinks with topoisomerase I (Top1), both directly and indirectly. Direct covalent complex formation between the CrA-PdG adduct and Top1 is detectable after reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride, which is consistent with the formation of a Schiff base between Top1 and the ring open aldehyde form of the adduct. In addition, we show that the CrA-PdG adduct alters the cleavage and religation activities of Top1. It suppresses Top1 cleavage complexes at the adduct site and induces both reversible and irreversible cleavage complexes adjacent to the CrA-PdG adduct. The formation of stable DNA–Top1 crosslinks and the induction of Top1 cleavage complexes by CrA-PdG are mutually exclusive. Lastly, we found that crotonaldehyde induces the formation of DNA–Top1 complexes in mammalian cells, which suggests a potential relationship between formation of DNA–Top1 crosslinks and the mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of crotonaldehyde

Multicentre phase II study of bifractionated CPT-11 with bimonthly leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer pretreated with FOLFOX

This multicentre phase II study was designed to evaluate the antitumour activity and toxicity of bifractionated camptothecin (CPT-11) and 5-fluorouracil/ leucovorin (5-FU/LV) in the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC) who had been pretreated with 5-FU/LV-oxaliplatin (FOLFOX regimen). In all, 35 patients were enrolled in a two-stage trial. Treatment consisted of two daily doses of CPT-11, 90 mg m2 administered over 90 min, followed by LV, 200 mg m2 administered over 2 h plus 5-FU 400 mg m2 as a bolus and 600 mg m2 as a 22-h continuous infusion administered with disposable pumps as outpatient therapy. Toxicity was closely monitored. Response was evaluated by computed tomography scans every 8 weeks. All 35 patients were assessable for toxicity and response to treatment. Seven patients had a partial response, giving an overall response rate of 20%; 11 patients had stable disease (31.4%) and 17 progressed (48.5%). The median progression-free survival was 7.1 months and median survival was 14 months. A total of 10 patients (30%) experienced grade 3-4 toxicity, including nausea (15%), diarrhoea (12%) and neutropenia (15%), while seven patients (21%) had grade 2 alopecia. The bifractionated bimonthly schedule of CPT-11 plus 5-FU/LV showed substantial antitumour activity and was well tolerated in this group of patients with a poor prognosis, pretreated with the FOLFOX regimen

Plant 45S rDNA Clusters Are Fragile Sites and Their Instability Is Associated with Epigenetic Alterations

Our previous study demonstrated that 45S ribosomal DNA (45S rDNA) clusters were chromosome fragile sites expressed spontaneously in Lolium. In this study, fragile phenotypes of 45S rDNA were observed under aphidicolin (APH) incubation in several plant species. Further actinomycin D (ActD) treatment showed that transcriptional stress might interfere with chromatin packaging, resulting in 45S rDNA fragile expression. These data identified 45S rDNA sites as replication-dependent as well as transcription-dependent fragile sites in plants. In the presence of ActD, a dramatic switch to an open chromatin conformation and accumulated incomplete 5′ end of the external transcribed spacer (5′ETS) transcripts were observed, accompanied by decreased DNA methylation, decreased levels of histone H3, and increased histone acetylation and levels of H3K4me2, suggesting that these epigenetic alterations are associated with failure of 45S rDNA condensation. Furthermore, the finding that γ-H2AX was accumulated at 45S rDNA sites following ActD treatment suggested that the DNA damage signaling pathway was associated with the appearance of 45S rDNA fragile phenotypes. Our data provide a link between 45S rDNA transcription and chromatin-packaging defects and open the door for further identifying the molecular mechanism involved

Raman Spectroscopy of Some Basic Chloride Containing Minerals of Lead and Copper

Raman spectroscopy has been used to characterise several lead and mixed cationic-lead minerals including mendipite, perite, laurionite, diaboléite, boléite, pseudoboléite, chloroxiphite, and cumengéite. Raman spectroscopy enables their vibrational spectra to be compared. The low wavenumber region is characterised by the bands assigned to cation-chloride stretching and bending modes. Phosgenite is a mixed chloride-carbonate mineral and a comparison is made with the molecular structure of the aforementioned minerals. Each mineral shows different hydroxyl-stretching vibrational patterns, but some similarity exists in the Raman spectra of the hydroxyl deformation modes. Raman spectroscopy lends itself to the study of these types of minerals in complex mineral systems involving secondary mineral formation

Tailoring of supercritical carbon dioxide technologies for the coloration of solid wood

Europäische Laubhölzer haben ein begrenztes Farb- und Duftspektrum weshalb der Import tropischer Hölzer ein lohnendes Geschäft ist. Wenn es gelingen würde, einheimische Laubhölzer so einzufärben, dass der Eindruck einer gewissen Exotik entstünde, könnten Möbelhersteller nicht nur neue innovative Produkte anbieten, sondern auch importbedingte Umweltprobleme lösen.Die vorliegende Promotionsarbeit untersucht die Nutzung von überkritischem Kohlendioxid (scCO2) als Trägermedium für die Imprägnierung heimischer Laubhölzer mit Dispersionsfarbstoffen. Mit dem Ziel der Verbesserung von Farbstoff-Transport und -Affinität wurde zunächst eine konforme Lipophilisierung der semiporösen Holzstrukturen getestet. Nachfolgende Experimente unter Nutzung neuer Anthrachinon-Farbstoffe verbesserter scCO2-Löslichkeit und variabler Farbe haben gezeigt, dass die Affinität des Farbstoffes zur einzufärbenden Matrix ebenso wichtig ist wie die Farbstoff-Löslichkeit in scCO2.Dimethylsulfoxid und Wasser sind für ihre guten Holz quellenden Eigenschaften bekannt. Daher wurde geprüft, inwieweit die Anwesenheit dieser Kosolventien eine Verbesserung der Zugänglichkeit der Zellwand-Polymere für das Farbstoff-Trägerfluid bewirkt. Während – trotz vergleichsweise guter Färbung – der Einsatz des Kosolvents DMSO aufgrund des deutlichen Verlusts an mechanischer Stabilität nicht aussichtsreich war, konnten unter Verwendung von wassergesättigtem scCO2 überaus viel versprechende Ergebnisse erzielt werden. Der Verlust an mechanischer Stabilität war hier deutlich geringer (15-20% Abnahme Biegemodul und -festigkeit) womit die gefärbten Produkte für viele Anwendungen geeignet scheinen. Begleitend zu den durchgeführten Arbeiten wurde ein adaptiertes Rasterdensiometrie-Verfahren vorgestellt, mit dessen Hilfe Oberflächen-Farbstoffkonzentrationen in hoher Auflösung quantifiziert werden können und das bei allen durchgeführten Versuchen komplementär zur klassischen CIELAB Farbanalyse angewandt wurde.Limitations of European hardwoods with regard to the spectra of available colors are the reason why tropical timbers have been imported by European countries for a long time. Dyeing of indigenous European hardwood to mimic tropical timber or impart new colors to wood could greatly contribute to stop this practice and to give innovative solutions to furniture manufacturers.This doctoral project investigated the impregnation of various European hardwoods with disperse dyes using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as carrying fluid. In an attempt to tackle issues like dye transport limitations or obstacles with regard to dye affinity, conformal lipophilization of the semiporous matrices was tested.However, this approach using a non-polar paper sizing agent was not promising. Further experiments using novel anthraquinone disperse dyes of enhanced scCO2 solubility (grafting of alkyl chains) and varying color (aminobutylation of hydroxyl groups) revealed that dye affinity towards wood is as important for the success of dyeing than dye solubility in scCO2.Aiming to improve the accessibility of the wood cell wall constituents for the dye-carrying fluid, addition of small quantities of non-volatile co-solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide or water) to scCO2 was tested as they are well known for their wood swelling capabilities. While dyeing of wood with DMSO as co-solvent was less promising since the colored materials suffered from a strong reduction of mechanical performance, the use of water-saturated scCO2 afforded encouraging results for all of the tested hardwood species. The loss of mechanical performance was here less pronounced (15-20% reduction of flexural modulus and maximum strength) which is considered acceptable for many applications. Finally, a novel analytical technique based on scanning densitometry is proposed which allows for the quantification of dye surface concentration and has been used throughout this doctoral project complementary to CIELAB color analysis.Julien JaxelDissertation Universität für Bodenkultur Wien 2020Mit deutscher Zusammenfassun