Incidental Findings in Liver Autopsy.

Autopsy remains one of the most useful tools to validate clinical diagnosis. Silent liver diseases are not uncommon and histology is the unique method for diagnosis of silent liver diseases. Autopsy serves to unravel the alterations in liver pathology due to many factors such as alcoholism, infections mainly of viral origin, drug related and neoplasms. Due to the resurgence of radiological methods, gene tests and molecular studies, the number of liver biopsies done have been reducing in number now a days. Most of the diseases come to the light of the clinician only during autopsy. The effects of viral hepatitis and drug related toxicity to liver is evident only in post mortem studies as liver biopsies are seldom done in these cases. Hepatitis B has become very prevalent and an estimate of about 350 million people world wide is chronically infected with HBV. Hepatitis B carriers are monitored so much because of the increased risk of cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma in them. Although most carriers will not develop hepatic complications from chronic hepatitis, 15% to 40% will develop serious sequelae during their lifetime Orcein staining can be used as a simple method to study the occurrence of hepatitis B carriers in autopsy material. It was identified in a study of occurrence of hepatitis B surface antigen in a consecutive material of liver biopsies that Orcein staining of ground glass hepatocytes was a highly specific HBsAg marker. The sensitivity was about 80% in cases with minimal changes, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis.50 Fatty liver disease that develops in the absence of alcohol abuse is recognized increasingly as a major health burden. Since there are no strict guidelines to indications for biopsy in these cases, autopsy can be a useful mode in assessing Non alcoholic fatty liver disease

Lip Lumps Need not be mucocele

Lip lesions are the most common oral mucosal lesions. Mucocele is the second most common benign soft tissue masses of the lips only next to infectious etiology. Tumors of the minor salivary glands of the lip were a rare diagnosis made clinically. Excision and histopathological examination must be done for all the lip lumps as this remains the gold standard for the diagnosis. In this article, we discuss three lip lumps which were clinically suspected as mucocoele turned out to be an unexpected diagnosis which only became clear following excision and histological examination.<jats:p /

Routine Histopathological Analysis of Pediatric and Adult Tonsils

ABSTRACTIntroductionMaking a protocol is a must to overcome the controversy of doing routine histopathological examination of tonsillectomy specimen.Materials and methodsHistopathological report of 100 consecutive tonsillectomy specimens that reached the pathology department of Saveetha Medical College was analyzed.ResultsHistological examination of the 154 pediatric tonsils showed reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in all the patients. One specimen had a small cartilaginous choristoma. In the 46 adult tonsils, there were two lymphoma, one extensive osteocartilaginous choristoma, and one epidermoid cyst of tonsil.DiscussionAs the histopathological examination in the pediatric group did not reveal any finding, it can be done only in patients with risk factors. The adult group showed two cases of Hodgkins lymphoma, one epidermoid cyst of tonsil and one osteocartilaginous choristoma tonsil. Hence, we suggest to continue the practice of routine histopathological analysis in adults.ConclusionWe suggest continuing the practice of routine histopathological examination of all adult tonsillectomy specimens.How to cite this articleShoba K, Harikumar B, Jayaganesh P, Srinivasan K. Routine Histopathological Analysis of Pediatric and Adult Tonsils. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):11-12.</jats:sec

A CASE SERIES OF XANTHOGRANULOMATOUS PYELONEPHRITIS WITH UNUSUAL CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare entity which constitutes 0.6% to 1% of all pyelonephritis cases and 1 % of all kidney infections. It is an unusual condition of the kidney resulting in parenchymal destruction and chronic inammatory reaction. It closely resembles malignancy and differentiating it is extremely signicant in therapeutic and prognostic aspects. Here we report three cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis due to its rarity, diagnostic dilemma and unusual clinical presentation</jats:p

Predicted effects of sensorineural hearing loss on across-fiber envelope coding in the auditory nervea

Cross-channel envelope correlations are hypothesized to influence speech intelligibility, particularly in adverse conditions. Acoustic analyses suggest speech envelope correlations differ for syllabic and phonemic ranges of modulation frequency. The influence of cochlear filtering was examined here by predicting cross-channel envelope correlations in different speech modulation ranges for normal and impaired auditory-nerve (AN) responses. Neural cross-correlation coefficients quantified across-fiber envelope coding in syllabic (0–5 Hz), phonemic (5–64 Hz), and periodicity (64–300 Hz) modulation ranges. Spike trains were generated from a physiologically based AN model. Correlations were also computed using the model with selective hair-cell damage. Neural predictions revealed that envelope cross-correlation decreased with increased characteristic-frequency separation for all modulation ranges (with greater syllabic-envelope correlation than phonemic or periodicity). Syllabic envelope was highly correlated across many spectral channels, whereas phonemic and periodicity envelopes were correlated mainly between adjacent channels. Outer-hair-cell impairment increased the degree of cross-channel correlation for phonemic and periodicity ranges for speech in quiet and in noise, thereby reducing the number of independent neural information channels for envelope coding. In contrast, outer-hair-cell impairment was predicted to decrease cross-channel correlation for syllabic envelopes in noise, which may partially account for the reduced ability of hearing-impaired listeners to segregate speech in complex backgrounds