Development of computer aided design system based on artificial neural network for macular hole detection

Medical imaging is a technique used to identify or study disease in the body. In order to obtain the retinal images, clinical ophthalmology broadly used a non-invasive medical imaging named optical coherence tomography (OCT). OCT images lead to visualize retina’s inner layers, which was important to identify the retinal diseases at the early stage. Macular Hole is one of the retinal disease that should be treated early. A Graphical User Interface (GUI) was created to detect the Macular Hole disease. In this paper, Computer Aided Design (CAD) system to detect Macular Hole eye disease has been developed. This disease diagnosed and need to be treated at beginning state as it will lead to vision lost if it get severe. An algorithm is proposed in this study which performs Macular Hole detection. There are browse image, pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction and lastly classification steps. This study successfully classified the Macular Hole and normal retinal images correctly using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classification. The accuracy of the net produced after several trials of retrain is 90%. The other statistical parameters such as precision, specificity and sensitivity was obtained from this project. In a conclusion, there was a way obtained from this study to diagnosis the patients who were suffer from this Macular Hole disease

Information Sharing for improved Supply Chain Collaboration – Simulation Analysis

Collaboration among consumer good’s manufacturer and retailers is vital in order to elevate their performance. Such mutual cooperation’s, focusing beyond day to day business and transforming from a contract-based relationship to a value-based relationship is well received in the industries. Further coupling of information sharing with the collaboration is valued as an effective forward step. The advent of technologies naturally supports information sharing across the supply chain. Satisfying consumers demand is the main goal of any supply chain, so studying supply chain behaviour with demand as a shared information, makes it more beneficial. This thesis analyses demand information sharing in a two-stage supply chain. Three different collaboration scenarios (None, Partial and Full) are simulated using Discrete Event Simulation and their impact on supply chain costs analyzed. Arena software is used to simulate the inventory control scenarios. The test simulation results show that the total system costs decrease with the increase in the level of information sharing. There is 7% cost improvement when the information is partially shared and 43% improvement when the information is fully shared in comparison with the no information sharing scenario. The proposed work can assist decision makers in design and planning of information sharing scenarios between various supply chain partners to gain competitive advantage

A Transnational Political Engagement: Solidarity, Nationhood and Pan-Tamilness among the Tamils of Tamilnadu

In this study I will explore and investigate the development of the contemporary student agitation which has unfolded in the Southern Indian state of Tamilnadu since 2008 and been axed around the plight of Sri Lankan Tamils. The research concerns Indian Tamil activists in the city of Chennai, and their subjective and collective understanding of the political engagement towards the Tamils of North-East Sri Lanka. Likewise it is also a study of the political literacy, identities and actions of the Tamilnadu students and through them that of the general solidarity movement for Eelam within the Indian state of Tamilnadu. Extensive research on the political history of the Tamil regions of India and Sri Lanka will be elucidated in this thesis to provide the context which facilitated the contemporary developments in Tamilnadu. Furthermore my interests lie in tensions between the identity category of Indian promoted by the Indian nation-state and the permeating ethnic identity category of Tamil in Tamilnadu. The tension is prevalent as the pro-Sri Lankan Tamil agitation highlights Tamilness and scrutinizes Indian-ness, as a result of linkages between the Indian Central government and the Sri Lankan government. I will also explore the uniting factors which transcend traditional elements of differentiation among Indian Tamils and contribute to the activation of an overarching Tamilness and political identity. The overall theoretical focus will be on forms of transnationalism and nationalism. The activism which I study is transnational as well as of nationalist orientation, yet does not adequately fit into either dominant forms of nationalism or the concept of long distance nationalism. Hence transnationalism is discussed as the theoretical vehicle I prefer in conceptualising the political engagement of Indian Tamil youth towards the plight of Sri Lankan Tamils. Such an engagement over time has had an effect on the conceptions of Tamilnadu students and activists regarding nationhood, identity and political processes on international, regional and national levels. Globalization processes, the internet and other information sharing factors also prove to be components in facilitating furthered transnational interaction between Tamilnadu Tamil and Sri Lankan Tamil activists in a common political engagement for Eelam. The thesis is thus a study of political engagement driven by cultural connectedness, ethnic sentiments and primordial' loyalties in the contemporary world. Yet the engagement towards Sri Lankan Tamils, a population considered externally and internally as distinct from the Indian Tamils, constitutes transnational interaction and linkages, and therefore cannot be reduced to nationalist orientations. My thesis thus concerns, transnationalism, nationalist orientations and political engagement in the contemporary global era.Master i SosialantropologiSANT350MASV-SAN

An objectbase schema evolution approach to Windows NT security

A security model s ould be designed in such a way that it is transparent to the users, and at the same time easy to maintain and manage even if a very complex security model is required to ensure its proper functions. Schema evolution on the other hand is the timely change of the schema and the consistent management of these changes. Dynamic schema evolution (DSE) is the management of the schema changes while a system is in operation. The various schema evolution operations are similar to the security management operations. Thus this thesis proposes a new security model based on DSE that provides a flexible set of operations that will make security management easier and more understandable. Windows NT is chosen as the test platform and the model is implemented on it The current security model for the Windows NT operating system is powerful and offers many valuable features. The User Manager provided by Windows NT is the primary method for the provision of security maintenance. Our system supports the following features in addition to those currently available on Windows NT. (1) An object-oriented hierarchy, so roles and groups can be supported in a more automated way. (2) A more intuitive user interface so the administrative errors are less likely to be problematic. (3) Simplified security management on a Windows NT platform. (4) Avoids unnecessary creation of objects (users/group) and redundant granting/revoking of privileges. One of the nicest features of the proposed security model is that both the system and the User Manager can operate together. Thus with the proposed model, the maintenance of the security model becomes much easier and more efficient

Spectrum Sensing and Mitigation of Primary User Emulation Attack in Cognitive Radio

The overwhelming growth of wireless communication has led to spectrum shortage issues. In recent days, cognitive radio (CR) has risen as a complete solution for the issue. It is an artificial intelligence-based radio which is capable of finding the free spectrum and utilises it by adapting itself to the environment. Hence, searching of the free spectrum becomes the key task of the cognitive radio termed as spectrum sensing. Some malicious users disrupt the decision-making ability of the cognitive radio. Proper selection of the spectrum scheme and decision-making capability of the cognitive reduces the chance of colliding with the primary user. This chapter discusses the suitable spectrum sensing scheme for low noise environment and a trilayered solution to mitigate the primary user emulation attack (PUEA) in the physical layer of the cognitive radio. The tag is generated in three ways. Sequences were generated using DNA and chaotic algorithm. These sequences are then used as the initial seed value for the generation of gold codes. The output of the generator is considered as the authentication tag. This tag is used to identify the malicious user, thereby PUEA is mitigated. Threat-free environment enables the cognitive radio to come up with a precise decision about the spectrum holes

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Gene Polymorphism: An Observational Study among Diabetic Hypertensive Subjects in Malaysia

Purpose: This study investigated the influence of angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE) insertiondeletion (ID) gene polymorphism on the treatment responses of type 2 diabetic subjects at varying stages of nephropathy to ACE inhibitors (ACEI) with regard to blood pressure (MAP) and renal response (GFR). Methods: The pharmacological effect of ACE inhibition on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were observed among a total of 62 subjects for a short-term duration of 15 months. MAP and GFR were calculated by standard mathematical formulae while the ACE ID genotype was determined using triple primer PCR. The general linear model repeated measures were applied to study the modulation of ACE inhibition on these parameters. Results: ACE ID genotyping of the 62 subjects showed that 19 (30.6 %) subjects had the II genotype, while 35 (56.4 %) subjects showed ID genotype and 8 (12.9 %) subjects had the DD genotype. Significant mean MAP reduction (p 0.05) from baseline values were observed among the subjects following antihypertensive treatment. However, when stratified according to ACE genotypes, no significant mean MAP and GFR changes were observed between genotypes following antihypertensive treatment (p > 0.05).Conclusion: ACE ID gene polymorphism does not determine the treatment efficacy of ACE inhibitors in the Malaysian population.Keywords: ACE genotype, ACE inhibitor, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Diabetic nephropath

English teacher’s perception towards CEFR: challenges and solutions / Evelyn Jayapalan

This research explored the perception of English Teachers towards the implementation of CEFR conducted at SMK Seksyen 7, Shah Alam. The purpose was to identify English Teachers’ perceptions of CEFR's headwork and to find solutions made on the challenges faced. The researcher conveyed a qualitative research design and used convenient sampling on approaching twelve English Teachers to participate in a semi- structured interview done through the availability of telephone interviews. The data was audio-recorded, and teachers classified into alphabetical categories. The recordings were transcribed and coded according to the thematic analysis. It claimed that CEFR contributes to positive enactment in Malaysia, but due to the research gap, solutions have not researched, and the goal of this study is to subdue the gap. Results found that English Teachers perceived a positive perception of CEFR's headwork and aligned with its framework. Participants also contribute solutions to combat the challenges they faced with CEFR. However, the participants disagreed with mentioning that lack of training as they perceived the equivalent amount of training. Textbook usage in the headwork sparked minor worries as participants gladly adapted the content to familiarize themselves with students’ prior knowledge. Nevertheless, there were implications faced, including external factors of Covid-19, as it constrained the methodology changed interview settings. To conclude, the findings established claims made and supported the illustration of the problem statement with sufficient reading from the literature review. In conclusion, English teachers perceived positive motion towards the headwork of CEFR and justified their solutions to the challenges faced

Outcome of triage results between two groups of interns subjected to different model of simulation

Background: In the emergency department, triaging is a very important for mass casualties and should not lead to any errors while doing so. In spite of subjecting interns to triaging theory classes in their final year of MBBS, they are not confident in triaging when need comes. To address this, we designed this study which aims at understanding the efficacy and type of triage based simulation education for medical interns during their 1 year internship programme.Methods: A cross sectional study with 186 intern students of a Yenepoya Medical College Hospital of Karnataka was selected for the triage simulation. The interns who could attend the entire programme were randomly divided into 2 groups of n=91 each. One group underwent desktop based triage simulation (n1=91) and the other group faced enacted patient based triage simulation training followed by test. Evaluation comprised of tests to 2 groups of interns. The first group were subjected to test following desktop triage simulation and the second group were subjected to test following enacted patient simulation based triaging.Results: The test result showed that there was significant improvement in the result obtained from the group that underwent high fidelity simulation (p<0.05).Conclusions: Simulation based training which is closed to reality leads to a significant increase in learning and recalling output compared to the traditional method

Programmed cell death 6 interacting protein (PDCD6IP) and Rabenosyn-5 (ZFYVE20) are potential urinary biomarkers for upper gastrointestinal cancer

PURPOSE: Cancer of the upper digestive tract (uGI) is a major contributor to cancer-related death worldwide. Due to a rise in occurrence, together with poor survival rates and a lack of diagnostic or prognostic clinical assays, there is a clear need to establish molecular biomarkers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Initial assessment was performed on urine samples from 60 control and 60 uGI cancer patients using MS to establish a peak pattern or fingerprint model, which was validated by a further set of 59 samples. RESULTS: We detected 86 cluster peaks by MS above frequency and detection thresholds. Statistical testing and model building resulted in a peak profiling model of five relevant peaks with 88% overall sensitivity and 91% specificity, and overall correctness of 90%. High-resolution MS of 40 samples in the 2-10 kDa range resulted in 646 identified proteins, and pattern matching identified four of the five model peaks within significant parameters, namely programmed cell death 6 interacting protein (PDCD6IP/Alix/AIP1), Rabenosyn-5 (ZFYVE20), protein S100A8, and protein S100A9, of which the first two were validated by Western blotting. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: We demonstrate that MS analysis of human urine can identify lead biomarker candidates in uGI cancers, which makes this technique potentially useful in defining and consolidating biomarker patterns for uGI cancer screening