Metabolomics Pathway Prediction Using Enhanced-Graph Convolutional Networks with Graph Attention Networks

Metabolomics, the comprehensive study of small molecules in biological systems, has a central role to play in the diagnosis of diseases, biomarker detection, and the design of new drugs. Although there have been major breakthroughs in analytical toolsets such as mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with chromatography, it is hard to predict metabolomics pathways because biochemical interactions are inherently complex. To meet this end, the current research suggests a deep learning-based approach using graph neural networks (GNN), which have shown high efficiency for graph-structured biological data. We specifically propose an enhanced graph convolutional network integrated with graph attention networks (EGCNGAT) to enhance pathway prediction performance. The hybrid framework employs graph convolutional networks (GCN) to represent molecular structural data and graph attention networks (GAT) to provide context-sensitive feature importance, thus improving the model’s capacity for learning complex pathway patterns. Comparative experiments against current deep learning approaches show that the introduced EGCN-GAT model obtains an accuracy of 98.90 percent, which is a 0.26 percent increase compared to the baseline MLGL-MP model. In addition, it demonstrates a 0.94 percent gain in precision as well as a slight gain in recall. The findings validate the performance of the proposed method and highlight its utility for developing pathway-level predictions in metabolomics studies. 

Lung cancer prediction with advanced graph neural networks

This research aims to enhance lung cancer prediction using advanced machine learning techniques. The major finding is that integrating graph convolutional networks (GCNs) with graph attention networks (GATs) significantly improves predictive accuracy. The problem addressed is the need for early and accurate detection of lung cancer, leveraging a dataset from Kaggle's "Lung Cancer Prediction Dataset," which includes 309 instances and 16 attributes. The proposed A-GCN with GAT model is meticulously engineered with multiple layers and hidden units, optimized through hyperparameter adjustments, early stopping mechanisms, and Adam optimization techniques. Experimental results demonstrate the model's superior performance, achieving an accuracy of 0.9454, precision of 0.9213, recall of 0.9743, and an F1 score of 0.9482. These findings highlight the model's efficacy in capturing intricate patterns within patient data, facilitating early interventions and personalized treatment plans. This research underscores the potential of graph-based methodologies in medical research, particularly for lung cancer prediction, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes and survival rates through proactive healthcare interventions

Pipelines & Presidential Candidates: The Dynamics of Women Running for Public Office in Ohio

Over one hundred years ago, Ohio was at the forefront of women’s political participation. In 1872, Victoria Woodhull became the first woman to run for president. In 1922, six women were elected to the Ohio state legislature for the first time, and Florence Allen was elected to the Ohio Supreme Court, making her the first woman to be elected to any state supreme court in the nation. This research looks at where the state stands now in the number of women running for office, their success rates, and the impact of having a woman at the top of the ticket. The results show that while the state can claim multiple historic famous firsts, today women candidates are still significantly underrepresented at all levels of Ohio’s legislative political hierarchy: women won only 17.8% of legislative seats in 2024. The pyramid predicted by the pipeline theory that more women run at the lower levels of the political hierarchy is not evident in Ohio; there are very few women at the bottom in county legislative offices in addition to very few women at the top. Assessing the role-model effect, our data across legislative offices present no clear or consistent evidence that having a woman running for president significantly boosted women’s electoral success down-ballot

Research on secure workload execution scheme in heterogeneous cloud environment

The increasing demand for the hardware, software and infrastructure is playing a big role in the information technology domain towards the need of customer’s specific requirements. Cloud computing is a major backbone for providing such services over the internet. It includes the services such as applications, storage, network, scalability, sharing, virtualization, confidentiality, security, authentication, and integrity. A large number of data intensive workflow applications uses heterogeneous cloud environment for communication and computation operation. An intruder/attacker will utilize these environments for their benefit by flooding malicious links, unwanted information and others. In cloud environment, detecting a malicious device/packet during workflow execution is a critical and challenging task. The various workflow method with security, service level agreement (SLA) and quality of service (QoS) have been modelled in recent time; However, these models are not efficient in detecting malicious users and maintaining high level of QoS or workflow applications. This article focus is on addressing research future direction, issues and challenges of work in meeting secure and efficient workflow execution model for heterogeneous cloud environment

A Study of Rheumatoid Factor and Its Relation to Ischemic Heart Disease

INTRODUCTION: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of death in the western world and increased incidence in our country also. Most of the subjects with IHD have one or more traditional risk factors including diabetes, smoking history, hypertension, obesity, a family history of IHD and hyperlipidimia. In recent years new risk factors for IHD have been identified, including the presence of inflammation as demonstrated by raised highly sensitive C-reactive arthritis(RA),Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and systemic lupus erthematosus also have a greatly increased risk of developing IHD. The autoantibody rheumatoid factor (RF) is strongly associated with RA, may be present in subjects many years before they develop RA and its presence confers a risk of developing RA that increases with increasing titre. However RF is associated with other autoimmune rheumatic disease, viral or bacterial infections and is present in as many as 15% of normal adults. Recently, RF has been associated with an increased likelihood of developing IHD in patients with inflammatory polyarthrities. Presence of RF in general population may identify the subjects with a similar immune pathology to patients with RA ,who may also share an increased likelihood of developing IHD and that RF may have special role in the pathogenisis of IHD. To explore this, the study was conducted whether the presence of RF was associated with increased risk of IHD among general population. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To analyse the RF is an indipendent and additional risk factor for IHD in general population. 2. And comparing in male/female ,and correlation between high titre and low titre of RF in the effect of IHD with or without traditional risk factor. MATERIALS: Subjects: Patients who are all positive to Rheumatoid factor attending Govt. General Hospital between May 2006 - May 2008. Period of Study: May2006 - May 2008. Design of Study: Cross sectional observational study. Eligibility Criteria: All patients with RF positive by ELISA. Inclusion Criteria: 1. Hypertension, 2. Obesity, 3. Diabetes mellitus, 4. H/O smoking, 5. H/o IHD, 6. Family h/o IHD. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Chronic infection, 2. Elderly patients (>60 years), 3. Patients with thyroid abnormality. METHODOLOGY: One hundred patients with rheumatoid arthritis and who were positive for RF attending Govt. General Hospital during the study period evaluated for IHD by ECG and ECHO. Those who are included in the study were evaluated for traditional risk factors h/o Diabetes, smoking ( in the past / present) family h/o IHD and they were clinically examined for hypertension ,body mass index for Obesity and features of RA. Pt with BP >140/90 mmhg were considered as hypertensives in this study. Fasting blood for sugar and lipid profile were measured. They were also evaluated for RF titres by ELISA. A resting 12 lead ECG was carried out for features of IHD. The following changes in the ECG were taken as marker of ischemia 1. The combination of ST elevation in a set of leads and reciprocal ST depression in a set of leads. 2. Inversion of T with ST still being elevated. 3. Presence of pathological Q waves. Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis was done using standard formulae SPSS (Statistical Package for social sciences) in windows Dos version. Base line data like age, gender, RF, Traditional risk factors were collected. Patients were categorized on their RF positive with or without traditional risk factors and Ischemic changes. The significance of Association between the factors was collected using PEARSON CHI-SQUARE TEST and YATES Corrected CHI-SQUARE TEST. P<0.05 was taken as significant. CONCLUSIONS: • RF per se can be considered as one of the risk factor for Ischemic heart disease in males. • High titre RF alone can further increase the Incidence of IHD. • RF associated with traditional risk factors increase the prevalence of IHD. • Though more female patients have positive RF ,they are not vulnerable to IHD

(R1965) Some More Properties on Generalized Double Fuzzy Z Alpha Open Sets

In this paper, a new class of sets termed as double fuzzy generalized Z alpha closed sets and double fuzzy generalized Z alpha open sets are introduced with the help of double fuzzy Z alpha open and double fuzzy Z alpha closed sets, respectively. Using these sets double fuzzy generalized Z alpha border, double fuzzy generalized Z alpha exterior and double fuzzy generalized Z alpha frontier of a fuzzy set in double fuzzy topological spaces are introduced. Also, the topological properties and characterizations of these sets and operators are studied. Furthermore, suitable examples have been provided to illustrate the theory

7 th HUPO World Congress of Proteomics: Launching the Second Phase of the HUPO Plasma Proteome Project (PPP-2) 16–20 August 2008, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

The HUPO Plasma Proteome Project new phase, PPP-2, held its initial workshop on 17 August, 2008, at the 7 th World Congress of Proteomics in Amsterdam. Technology platforms, data repositories, informatics, and engagement of research groups for the submission of major datasets were key topics. Plasma is expected to be the common pathway for biomarker development and application through collaboration and integration with other HUPO initiatives.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/61441/1/4_ftp.pd

Michigan Molecular Interactions (MiMI): putting the jigsaw puzzle together

Protein interaction data exists in a number of repositories. Each repository has its own data format, molecule identifier and supplementary information. Michigan Molecular Interactions (MiMI) assists scientists searching through this overwhelming amount of protein interaction data. MiMI gathers data from well-known protein interaction databases and deep-merges the information. Utilizing an identity function, molecules that may have different identifiers but represent the same real-world object are merged. Thus, MiMI allows the users to retrieve information from many different databases at once, highlighting complementary and contradictory information. To help scientists judge the usefulness of a piece of data, MiMI tracks the provenance of all data. Finally, a simple yet powerful user interface aids users in their queries, and frees them from the onerous task of knowing the data format or learning a query language. MiMI allows scientists to query all data, whether corroborative or contradictory, and specify which sources to utilize. MiMI is part of the National Center for Integrative Biomedical Informatics (NCIBI) and is publicly available at: