Ovarian immunohistochemical expression of estradiol 17β in cyclic female rats treated with steroid free bovine follicular fluid antiserum

The current study aimed to examine the effect of steroid-free bovine follicular fluid (SFBFF) antiserum on ovarian immunohistochemical expression levels of 17β Estradiol in cyclic virgin female rats. After estrus synchronization, 80 adult virgin female Wistar rats (aged 60 days and weighed 156±4.82 g) were randomly assigned into two equal groups (40 females each) and injected intrperitoneally, at late metestrous, with 100 µl of normal saline (control) and 100 µl of SFBFF antiserum (AI-SFBFF group). At each phase of the estrus cycle, 10 females from each group were anesthetized (by injection of 0.4 ml of thiopental sod./ animal), dissected and the ovaries were obtained for determination of immunohistochemical expression density of 17β Estradiol. Ovarian examination of AI-SFBFF group females demonstrated slight increase of estradiol immunohistochemical density at proestrus and mark increase at estrus and metestrus phases. It could be concluded that immunoneutralization of endogenous inhibin by SFBFF antiserum results in high levels of estradiol actions in reproductive organs

DINÁMICA DE SEROCONVERSIÓN EN HEMBRAS BOVINAS POST ELIMINACIÓN DE ANIMALES PORTADORES DEL VIRUS DE LA DIARREA VIRAL BOVINA

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto de la eliminación de los animales portadores del virus de la diarrea viral bovina (VDVB) sobre la seroconversión contra el virus en la nueva generación de animales de un establo lechero de crianza intensiva en Arequipa. Se colectaron muestras de suero a vaquillas entre 6 a 12 meses de edad en cuatro periodos: enero (n=73), junio (n=48) y octubre (n=48) del 2003 y enero del 2004 (n=35) para la detección de anticuerpos contra el VDVB y para la detección de animales portadores (PI) del virus, mediante las pruebas de neutralizaciónviral y ELISA captura de antigeno, respectivamente. La seroprevalencia del VDVB fue de 80.8 + 9.0, 56.3 + 14.0,50.0+ 14.2 y 22.9+ 13.9%en el primero, segundo, tercero y cuarto periodo de muestreo, respectivamente. La prevalencia de animales portadores del virus fue de 2.7% (2173) y fueron detectados únicamente en el grupo muestreado en enero del 2003. La incidencia de infección de VDVB fue 121100 (24159) al mes en el periodo enero 2003 a enero 2004. Mediante la pruebas de regresión logística se demostró que la eliminación de animales PI en enero del 2003 redujo el riesgo de infección en los animales susceptibles en los siguientes periodos de muestreo. Además, la edad mostró ser un factor de riesgo para la infección con VDVB. Los resultados indican que la infección con VDVB es altamente prevalente en hatos que albergan animales portadores y que su eliminación reduce el riesgo de infección en el resto de animales, como se describe en la literatura. Los resultados sugieren que es posible el control y erradicación de la DVB en hatos lecheros de crianza intensiva mediante la identificación y eliminación de los animales portadores y sin vacunación pero manteniendo un alto nivel de bioseguridad en el establo.A study was conducted to determine the effect of culling BVDV carrier animals on the seroconversion against BVDV in the new generation of heifers from a dairy herd located in Arequipa, Peru. Blood samples were collected to 6-12 month old females in four sampling periods: January (n=73), June (n=48), October 2003 (n=48), and January 2004 (n=35) to evaluate their serological status against BVDV and to screen for carrier animals using the virus neutralization and antigen-capture ELISA tests, respectively. The prevalence of BVDV was 80.8 ± 9.0, 56.3 ± 14.0, 50.0 ± 14.2 and 22.9 ± 13.9% in the first, second, third and fourth sampling period, respectively. There were 2.7% (2/73) of carrier heifers in the group sampled in January 2003, and none in the subsequent sampling periods. The incidence of BVDV infection was 12/100 heifers per month from January 2003 till January 2004. The logistic regression test showed that culling of carrier animals in January 2003 reduced the risk of infection in subsequent months. In addition, age was a risk factor for VDVB infection in this group of animals. The results showed that BVDV infection is highly prevalent in herds having carrier animals, and that the culling of PI animals reduce the risk of infection in herd mates as indicated in the literature. The results also suggest that the control and eradication of BVDV in intensive management dairy herds may be possible by identifying and culling carrier animals and without vaccination but ensuring high level of biosecurity

Taenia solium porcine cysticercosis in Madagascar: Comparison of immuno-diagnostic techniques and estimation of the prevalence in pork carcasses traded in Antananarivo city

Taenia solium cysticercosis was reported in official veterinary and medical statistics to be highly prevalent in pigs and humans in Madagascar, but few estimates are available for pigs. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of porcine cysticercosis among pigs slaughtered in Antananarivo abattoirs. Firstly, the diagnostic performance of two antigen-ELISA techniques (B158B60 Ag-ELISA and HP10 Ag-ELISA) and an immunoblotting method were compared with meat inspection procedures on a sample of pigs suspected to be infected with (group 1; n = 250) or free of (group 2; n = 250) T. solium based on direct veterinary inspection in Madagascar. Sensitivity and specificity of the antigen ELISAs were then estimated using a Bayesian approach for detection of porcine cysticercosis in the absence of a gold standard. Then, a third set of pig sera (group 3, n = 250) was randomly collected in Antananarivo slaughterhouses and tested to estimate the overall prevalence of T. solium contamination in pork meat traded in Antananarivo. The antigen ELISAs showed a high sensitivity (>84%), but the B158B60 Ag-ELISA appeared to be more specific than the HP10 Ag-ELISA (model 1: 95% vs 74%; model 2: 87% vs 71%). The overall prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in Antananarivo slaughterhouses was estimated at 2.3% (95% credibility interval [95%CrI]: 0.09–9.1%) to 2.6% (95%CrI: 0.1–10.3%) depending on the model and priors used. Since the sample used in this study is not representative of the national pig population, village-based surveys and longitudinal monitoring at slaughter are needed to better estimate the overall prevalence, geographical patterns and main risk factors for T. solium contamination, in order to improve control policies. (Résumé d'auteur

Animal influence on water, sanitation and hygiene measures for zoonosis control at the household level: A systematic literature review

Neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs) have a significant impact on the livelihoods of the world’s poorest populations, which often lack access to basic services. Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programmes are included among the key strategies for achieving the World Health Organization’s 2020 Roadmap for Implementation for control of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). There exists a lack of knowledge regarding the effect of animals on the effectiveness of WASH measures. This review looked to identify how animal presence in the household influences the effectiveness of water, hygiene and sanitation measures for zoonotic disease control in low and middle income countries; to identify gaps of knowledge regarding this topic based on the amount and type of studies looking at this particular interaction

Local Natural Geographical Factors That Encourage the Rise of Dust and Dirt and Their Effects on Health Residents of the City of Samawah

The research aims to study the local geographical factors that contributed to the rise of dust and dust and its increase in the environment of the city of Samawah, which increased the cases of suffocation and difficulty breathing in the population suffering from allergic diseases and asthma. From here, the research problem began, which focused on the local geographical factors and their negative role in increasing The percentage of pollutants in the sectors of the city, which was evident through the number of infected people, which reached (18739) infected people, constituting (7.8%) of the total population of the study area of (240036) people in 2020. A set of proposals were reached, including planting windbreaks (forestation ) in the form of belts surrounding the study area, which will contribute to improving the local climate of the city, reduce dust storms, increase oxygen levels, and thus improve the city's health and aesthetic environment, which is one of the requirements of modern cities