Successful Treatment of a Neonate with Idiopathic Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension with Inhaled Nitric Oxide via Nasal Cannula without Mechanical Ventilation.

We report a case study of a term neonate presenting with oxygen desaturation without respiratory distress or acidosis, despite receiving 100% oxygen through a nasal cannula. Echocardiogram showed evidence of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). She was successfully treated with inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) via nasal cannula without requiring mechanical ventilation. In a term neonate with idiopathic PPHN with adequate respiratory drive without any parenchymal lung disease, noninvasive methods of iNO delivery may treat the condition without the complications associated with mechanical ventilation

Effect of packing density and habitat material on the survival and duration of Penaeus indicus post larvae during oxygen-packed transportation.

The survival and duration of the Indian white shrimp. Penaeus indicus postlarvae (PL.) packed with oxygen under uniform water quality conditions were studied at packing densities of 200,300,400 and 500PL/L. with and without habitat material which was in the form of hollow 10-15 mm bits of transluscent plastic straw at a ratio of 1 bit: 2 PL. The effect of packing density on the cumulative percentage survival was significant. The duration of obtaining 100% survival which was taken as the 'safe duration of transport' was significantly different at all the packing densities tried

Transportation of fingerlings and juveniles of marine finfish

There are two basic transport systems for live fish - the closed system and the open system. The closed system is a sealed container in which all the requirements for survival are selfcontained. The simplest of these is a sealed plastic bag partly filled with water and oxygen. The open system consists of waterfilled containers in which the requirements for survival are supplied continuously from outside sources. The simplest of these is a small tank with an aerator stone

Characterization of Vibrio spp. associated with Diseased Shrimp from Culture Ponds of Andhra Pradesh(India)

Surveys undertaken on diseases caused by Vibrio spp. in Penaeus monodon from culture ponds of coastal Andhra Pradesh recorded the occurrence of five types of diseases : tailnecrosis,shelldisease,reddisease,looseshellsyndrome(LSS), and white gut disease(WGD). Amongthese,LSS,WGD,and red disease caused mass mortalities in shrimp cultureponds. Six species of Vibrio V.harveyi,V.parahaemolyticus,V.alginolyticus,V.anguillarum,V.vulnificus,and V.splendidus are associated with the diseased shrimp. The number of Vibrio spp. associated with each disease ranged from two to five. Additionally,shrimp with red disease had concurrent infections with white spot syndrome virus.Vibrio harveyi in the case of LSS and WGD, V. parahaemolyticus for reddisease, and V.algino-lyticus for shell disease are the major etiologcalagents. Differences occur in the degree of virulence of different species of Vibrio and also different isolates of the same species. Vibrioharveyi isolated from LSS shrimp is the most virulent.Ingeneral, allthe Vibrio isolates from LSS shrimp tend to be more virulent as compared to their counter parts fromo the diseased shrimp.It is apparent that the degree of virulence of various Vibrio isolates depends on its source and the pond environmental conditions. Most of the Vibrio isolates showed susceptibility to oxy-tetracycline, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. The luminous V.harveyi exhibited resistance to many antibiotics and susceptibility to only three drugs. Considering the emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains of Vibrio, the need for using probiotics in place of antibiotics for disease control is stressed

Survival, Growth and Production of Penaeus monodon in Modified- Extensive and Semi Intensive Culture Systems of Andhra Pradesh, India

An analysis was made on the stocking density, survival, growth and production of Penaeus monodon in semi intensive (SI) and modified extensive (ME) shrimp culture ponds located in East Godavari district of Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India. Survival of shrimp in the ME systems with low stocking densities is higher (56 - 88%) than in the SI systems (12.3 – 52%) with higher stocking densities. Growth of shrimp is dependent not only on the stocking density but also on the management practices. Although the percent survival is more in ME system the growth is much faster in SI system owing to better management practices. Weight gain of shrimp was more rapid in the SI system than in the ME system initially up to 90 days of culture (DOC) but the trend was reverse in the later age of culture period. The optimum stocking density for achieving maximum production in the area is suggested as 10-15 individuals / m2 in SI ponds and 3-5 individuals / m2 in ME ponds

Effect of packing density, salinity and temperature on the survival and duration of oxygen packed seed of Penaeus indicus during transportation.

The survival and duration of the Indian white shrimp. Penaeus indicus postlarvae (PL.) packed with oxygen under uniform water quality conditions were studied at packing densities of 200,300,400 and 500PL/L. with and without habitat material which was in the form of hollow 10-15 mm bits of transluscent plastic straw at a ratio of 1 bit: 2 PL. The effect of packing density on the cumulative percentage survival was significant. The duration of obtaining 100% survival which was taken as the 'safe duration of transport' was significantly different at all the packing densities tried

Tracheal suctioning improves gas exchange but not hemodynamics in asphyxiated lambs with meconium aspiration.

BackgroundCurrent neonatal resuscitation guidelines recommend tracheal suctioning of nonvigorous neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid.MethodsWe evaluated the effect of tracheal suctioning at birth in 29 lambs with asphyxia induced by cord occlusion and meconium aspiration during gasping.ResultsTracheal suctioning at birth (n = 15) decreased amount of meconium in distal airways (53 ± 29 particles/mm(2) lung area) compared to no suction (499 ± 109 particles/mm(2); n = 14; P < 0.001). Three lambs in the suction group had cardiac arrest during suctioning, requiring chest compressions and epinephrine. Onset of ventilation was delayed in the suction group (146 ± 11 vs. 47 ± 3 s in no-suction group; P = 0.005). There was no difference in pulmonary blood flow, carotid blood flow, and pulmonary or systemic blood pressure between the two groups. Left atrial pressure was significantly higher in the suction group. Tracheal suctioning resulted in higher Pao2/FiO2 levels (122 ± 21 vs. 78 ± 10 mm Hg) and ventilator efficiency index (0.3 ± 0.05 vs.0.16 ± 0.03). Two lambs in the no-suction group required inhaled nitric oxide. Lung 3-nitrotyrosine levels were higher in the suction group (0.65 ± 0.03 ng/µg protein) compared with the no-suction group (0.47 ± 0.06).ConclusionTracheal suctioning improves oxygenation and ventilation. Suctioning does not improve pulmonary/systemic hemodynamics or oxidative stress in an ovine model of acute meconium aspiration with asphyxia

Physiology: Morphological characteristics of preimplantation stage endometrium in the rhesus monkey

The morphological characteristics of endometrium on day 6 after ovulation of conception (group 1) and non-fecund, menstrual (group 2) cycles have been studied in the rhesus monkey (n = 30). A conception cycle was distinguished by the presence of a developmentally normal, age—stage-synchronized embryo. Thus, 78% of the mated cycles (n = 18) yielding synchronous embryos (12 zona-encased and two zona-free blastocysts) were used for this study. On day 6 after ovulation, no significant changes in the serum concentrations of oestrogen and progesterone were seen in conception cycles (n = 14) compared with the non-mated, normal ovulatory cycles (n = 12). Morphometric analyses revealed that on day 6 of gestation (n = 8), endometrium differed from the corresponding non-mated luteal phase (n = 7) with significant increases in epithelial mitosis (P < 0.01), height of glandular epithelium (P < 0.05), volume ratio of gland cell to gland (P < 0.03), degree of pseudostratification (P < 0.02), and higher frequency of supranuclear, adluminal accumulation of vacuoles in gland cells (P < 0.05). The degree of stromal oedema was higher (P < 0.02) in fecund cycles but there was no change in venular diameter. In a separate set of experiments, estimates of tissue vascular response revealed a higher (P < 0.02) endometrial extravascular albumin space on the same day of gestation; there were no differences, however, in endometrial blood volume, or in the number of von Willebrand antigen-positive capillaries and small vessels between the two groups (group 1, n = 6; group 2, n = 5). The overall results of the present study together with our earlier reports support the hypothesis that differential changes occur in luteal phase endometrium functionalis in the presence of preimplantation stage blastocyst in the rhesus monke