"...in Begleitung von weissbeschuhten und stark parfümierten Mädchen": die Deutschschweizer Vereine zur Hebung der Sittlichkeit und ihr bürgerlicher Blick auf die (potentielle) Prostituierte im fin de siècle

Gegen Ende des 19. und zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts entstanden in der deutschsprachigen Schweiz zahlreiche bürgerliche ’Vereine zur Hebung der Sittlichkeit’, welche sich dezidiert für die Abschaffung der Prostitution und die Hebung der ’Moral’ in der Bevölkerung einsetzten. Die Sittlichkeitsvereine vertraten eine konservative Einstellung gegenüber der Sexualität. Von freier und gleichgeschlechtlicher Liebe hielten sie nichts; umso mehr von Enthaltsamkeit vor der Ehe und strikter Monogamie. Die Prostitution galt ihnen als Grösste aller Laster. Thema dieses Aufsatzes ist das von den Vereinen konstruierte Bild der (potentiellen) Prostituierten; fokussiert wird, auf welchem Moralkonzept dieses Bild aufbaute und welche Ursachen der Prostitution die bürgerlichen Vereinsmitglieder (an)erkannten

Cobalt‐catalyzed amination of 1,3‐cyclohexanediol and 2,4‐pentanediol in supercritical ammonia

The one‐step procedure of amination of bifunctional secondary alcohols to diamines has been investigated in a continuous fixed‐bed reactor. Application of supercritical NH3 as a solvent and reactant suppressed catalyst deactivation and improved selectivities to amino alcohol intermediates, whereas selectivities to diamines remained poor (8-10%). The main reason for the low diamine selectivity of 1,3‐dihydroxy compounds is water elimination leading to undesired monofunctional products via α,β‐unsaturated alcohol, ketone or amine intermediates. This side reaction does not occur with 1,4‐dihydroxy compounds which afford high aminol and diamine selectivities under similar conditions. Amination of secondary diols with ammonia was found to be faster, but less selective than that of the corresponding primary 1,3‐propanedio

7-year follow-up after open reduction and internal screw fixation in Bennett fractures

Background: Bennett fractures are unstable, and, with inadequate treatment, lead to osteoarthritis, weakness and loss of function of the first carpometacarpal joint. This study focuses on long-term functional and radiological outcomes after open reduction and internal fixation. Methods: Between June 1997 and December 2005, 24 patients with Bennett fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with screws at our center. Radiological and functional assessments including range of motion of the thumb and pinch and grip strength were performed 4months post-procedure and at the long-term follow-up, on average 83months after surgery. Results: Reduction of the Bennett fracture was maintained as it was at the time of the procedure in 96% of the cases when fixation with two lag screws was performed. At the 4-month follow-up, mean pinch and grip strength reached 92±3 and 89±4% of the contralateral side, respectively. Long-term follow-up demonstrated no correlation between the accuracy of the fracture reduction and the development of post-traumatic arthritis. Conclusion: Good clinical results could be observed, if successful reduction of the fracture was achieved and maintained. However, there was no correlation between the accuracy of the fracture reduction considering a gap and step <2mm and the development of arthriti

Reconstruction of longitudinal electrons bunch profiles at FACET, SLAC

Work supported by funding from Universite Paris Sud, program "Attractivite" and by the ANR under contract ANR-12-JS05-0003-01 - http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/AccelConf/IPAC2014/papers/thpme093.pdfInternational audienceThe E-203 collaboration is testing a device on FACET at SLAC to measure the longitudinal profile of electron bunches using Smith-Purcell radiation [1]. At FACET the electron bunches have an energy of 20 GeV and a duration of a few hundred femtoseconds [2]. Smith-Purcell radiation is emitted when a charged particle passes close to the sur- face of a metallic grating. We have studied the stability of the measurement from pulse to pulse and the resolution of the measure depending on the number of gratings used

Nutrigenomics-Associated Impacts of Nutrients on Genes and Enzymes With Special Consideration of Aromatase

Interactions are occurring in the course of liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of active ingredients, or at the target receptors. They are causing therapy failures and undesirable events. Forty-seven of fifty-seven human hepatic isoenzymes are specific and relevant in hormone and vitamin metabolism and biosynthesis. Aromatase (syn. CYP19A1) is one of the specific CYP450 isoenzymes so far not elucidated in detail. As aromatase-inhibiting phytochemicals are currently recommended for breast cancer prevention and as add-on accompanying aromatase-inhibitor pharmacotherapy, it was the aim of this literature review to assess whether a common interpretation on genetic and -omics basis could be found. Articles retrieved showed that traditional antioxidation diet is one of the most approved explanations of inhibition of aromatase by phytonutrients of flavonoid derivatives. Flavonoids compete for the oxygen provided by the heme moiety of aromatase in the course of aromatase-catalyzed conversion of steroid precursors to estrogens. Flavonoids are therefore promoted for breast cancer prevention. A further explanation of flavonoids’ mechanism of action proposed was related to enzymatic histone deacetylation. By keeping DNA-structure wide through a high acetylation degree, acetylated histones favor transcription and replication. This mechanism corresponds to a procedure of switching genes on. Inhibiting acetylation and therefore switching genes off might be an important regulation of repressing cancer genes. Aromatase expression depends on the genotype and phenotype of a person. Aromatase itself depends on the expression of the heme moiety encoded in the genotype. Biosynthesis of porphyrins in turn depends on the substrates succinate and glycine, as well as on a series of further enzymes, with ALA synthetase as the rate-limiting step. The effect of the heme moiety as prosthetic group of aromatase further depends on the absorption of iron as a function of pH and redox state. To assess the function of aromatase precisely, multiple underlying biochemical pathways need to be evaluated. As a conclusion, the genetic regulation of metabolism is a complex procedure affecting multiple pathways. To understand a metabolic step, multiple underlying individually performing reactions need to be considered if personalized (nutritional) medicine should bring an advantage for a patient. Nutrition sciences need to consider the genome of an individual to truly find answers to nutrition-derived non-communicable diseasesWith current GWAS (genome-wide association study) approaches, inherited errors of metabolism are identified and ideally treated effectively. It is much more difficult to get a precise genetic profile for non-communicable diseases stemming from multifactorial causes. Polygenic risks evaluation is feasible but diagnostic tools are not yet available in a desired extent. Neither flavonoid researchers nor providers of genetic testing kits are going into the details needed for a truly personalized nutritional medicine. The next step with profiling the exome and then the whole genome is on the threshold of becoming routine diagnosis and of bringing the desired details. Keywords: nutrients, nutrigenomics, aromatase, CYP19A1 isoenzyme, food-drug interactions, healthy aging, personalized nutritional medicine, flavonoid

The Dietitian’s Interest to Gain Insight into the Nutrition Black Box

International audienc

Sperm death and dumping in Drosophila

Mating with more than one male is the norm for females of many species. In addition to generating competition between the ejaculates of different males, multiple mating may allow females to bias sperm use. In Drosophila melanogaster, the last male to inseminate a female sires approximately 80% of subsequent progeny. Both sperm displacement, where resident sperm are removed from storage by the incoming ejaculate of the copulating male, and sperm incapacitation, where incoming seminal fluids supposedly interfere with resident sperm, have been implicated in this pattern of sperm use. But the idea of incapacitation is problematic because there are no known mechanisms by which an individual could damage rival sperm and not their own. Females also influence the process of sperm use, but exactly how is unclear. Here we show that seminal fluids do not kill rival sperm and that any 'incapacitation' is probably due to sperm ageing during sperm storage. We also show that females release stored sperm from the reproductive tract (sperm dumping) after copulation with a second male and that this requires neither incoming sperm nor seminal fluids. Instead, males may cause stored sperm to be dumped or females may differentially eject sperm from the previous mating

Building an Integrated Relational Database from Swiss Nutrition’s (menuCH) and Multiple Swiss Health Datasets Acquired from 1992 to 2012 for Data Mining Purposes

Objective: The objective of the study was to integrate a large database from Swiss nutrition national survey (menu-CH) with 5 extensive databases derived from 5 consecutive Swiss health national surveys from 1992 to 2012 for data mining purposes. Each database has additionally a demographic base data. An integrated Swiss database is built to later discover critical food consumption patterns linked with lifestyle diseases known to be strongly tied with food consumption and compare the derived rules with the rules resulted with a previous study which used a significantly smaller database. Design: Swiss nutrition national survey (menuCH) with approx. 2000 respondents from two different surveys, one by Phone and the other by questionnaire along with Swiss health national surveys from 1992 to 2012 with over than 100000 respondents were pre-processed, cleaned, transformed and finally integrated to a unique relational database. Results: The result of this study is an integrated relational database from the Swiss nutritional and 20 years of Swiss health data

Building an Integrated Relational Database from Swiss Nutrition National Survey and Swiss Health Datasets for Data Mining Purposes

Objective: The objective of the study was to integrate two big databases from Swiss nutrition national survey (menuCH) and Swiss health national survey 2012 for data mining purposes. Each database has a demographic base data. An integrated Swiss database is built to later discover critical food consumption patterns linked with lifestyle diseases known to be strongly tied with food consumption. Design: Swiss nutrition national survey (menuCH) with approx. 2000 respondents from two different surveys, one by Phone and the other by questionnaire along with Swiss health national survey 2012 with 21500 respondents were pre-processed, cleaned and finally integrated to a unique relational database. Results: The result of this study is an integrated relational database from the Swiss nutritional and health databases

Discovery of Association Rules of the Relationship between Food Consumption and Life Style Diseases From Swiss Nutrition’s (menuCH) Dataset & Multiple Swiss Health Datasets from 1992 To 2012

This article demonstrates that using data mining methods such as Weighted Association Rule Mining (WARM) on an integrated Swiss database derived from a Swiss national dietary survey (menuCH) and 25 years of Swiss demographical and health data is a powerful way to determine whether a specific population subgroup is at particular risk for developing a lifestyle disease based on its food consumption patterns. The objective of the study was to discover critical food consumption patterns linked with lifestyle diseases known to be strongly tied with food consumption. Food consumption databases from a Swiss national survey menuCH were gathered along with data of large surveys of demographics and health data collected over 25 years from Swiss population conducted by Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH). These databases were integrated and reported in a previous study as a single integrated database. A data mining method such as WARM was applied to this integrated database. A set of promising rules and their corresponding interpretation was generated. As an example, the found rules of the sample show that the consumption of alcohol in small quantities does not have a negative impact on health, whereas the consumption of vegetables is important for the supply of vitamins of the B group, which help the energy metabolism to provide energy. These vitamins are particularly lacking in alcoholics and should then be taken with supplements. Another finding is that dietary supplements do little specially by diabetes. Applying WARM algorithm was beneficial for this study since no interesting rules were pruned out early and the significance of the rules could be highly increased as compared to a previous study using pure Apriori Algorithm