Copyright Mashed-Up and Remixed

This session will explore issues of copyright in the information age by showing a remix of RiP: A remix manifesto, an open source documentary on copyright and remix culture by web activist and filmmaker Brett Gaylor. The history of copyright, the development of digital copyright, intellectual property, and Creative Commons will be addressed. Presenters will facilitate an interactive discussion following the film

WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP: JOURNEY TO THE SCHOOL DISTRICT SUPERINTENDENCY

Educational leadership positions within school districts across the country are becoming more inclusive and representative of the diverse populations they serve; however, there is still a staggering gender gap within the school district superintendent position. This mixed methods research study was conducted to learn about the experiences of women who have already achieved this top position within a school district. The study involved a primarily qualitative approach through interviews with supplemental quantitative survey data. The three research questions guiding this study were: What are the unique barriers women face during their journey to the school district superintendency? What experiences and conditions either enhance or limit opportunities for women toward a journey of becoming a school district superintendent? What policy actions can local school districts or county offices of education take to hire, retain, and increase the number of female school district superintendents? The study revealed barriers experienced by women along with the conditions and experiences necessary to help remove these barriers. The conditions that support women in becoming school district superintendents are broad; however, the study revealed having the support of family, finding ways to create an equal partnership within the home, finding a district that is a good fit, and stepping into experiences that will help grow professional self-efficacy can help to break down barriers and open doors. To achieve gender parity within the school district superintendency, educational leaders, school boards, and local and state agencies need to help create the conditions that support women as they step into leadership roles

'Water we do about the river?' An Integrated Approach to Understanding Water Quality in the Waikaka Stream, Southland, New Zealand

Water quality causes are a highly contested issue in New Zealand, with rivers and streams struggling with the effects of intensive pastoral agriculture. The Waikaka Stream in Southland is an example of a catchment that currently does not meet local water quality standards, due to ‘very poor’ water quality. Management of freshwater has changed significantly over time in New Zealand, but has typically been the responsibility of regional authorities, carried out with a reliance on technical and scientific information, often with a disregard for the socio-political dimensions of freshwater management. Consequently, in recent years communities in Southland have mobilised to form catchment management groups, offering an alternate bottom-up management regime. It is unknown how these community management groups fit into the wider environmental management structure in New Zealand, or how they can be best directed to contribute to the improvement of New Zealand waterways, including the Waikaka Stream. The aim of this study was to evaluate the water quality of the Waikaka Stream and analyse community responses to their perceived water quality problem. A socio-hydrology lens was employed to elucidate how the measured data compared to water quality perceptions. A mixed methodological approach used a 12-month data set with a monthly water sampling frequency, and semi-structured interviews with farmers in the Waikaka Catchment. Quantitative and qualitative results were integrated in the interpretation phase, to understand the disconnect between physical water quality parameters and community perceptions of the Waikaka Stream. The Waikaka Stream water quality was highly variable across the catchment, indicating that the current single monitoring site is not appropriate to be fully representative. Suspended sediment concentrations exceeded national guidelines across the entire catchment, with site averages ranging from 4.0 mg L-1 to 10.8 mg L-1. E. coli thresholds were exceeded at six sites, ranging from 126 CFU/100ml to a maximum of 1414 CFU/100ml. Total nitrogen ranged from 0.3 ppm to 3.0 ppm, while total phosphorus measured between 11.9 ppb and 242.6 ppb. The water quality results showing exceedance of national guidelines, which contradicted farmer perspectives of ‘good’ water quality, highlighting the hidden risk of water quality. This discord creates issues for freshwater management, as it introduces distrust between farmers and the regulating regional government. The power dynamics between stakeholders can further complicate the collaborative management process and limit the implementation of improved management strategies. The formation of the Waikaka Stream Catchment Group indicates that farmers and local community members are seeking collaborative action to improve freshwater health. This study demonstrates that catchment groups deliver an opportunity for social learning, and a format by which local knowledge can be better included in management, to work towards the principles of Integrated Catchment Management (ICM). Catchment groups provide a link between individual farmers and regional government, therefore building trust for future collaborative management

Working with Institutional Records: An Overview of a Project at the Mpls Institute of Arts

Before implementing wide-scale technology to organize institutional records, you must first have a strategy for the identification and arrangement of these intellectual assets. Establishing an archives/records management program is a preliminary cornerstone to future initiatives that focus on digital technologies. Hear from the Library & Archives staff at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts about their work on an NHPRC grant project to gain intellectual control over their institution’s documentary holdings

Impact of overcrowding sous vide water baths on the thermal process of pork loins

  Background: In the culinary industry, sous vide is a popular cooking method in which lower temperatures are used to cook food to retain more desirable organoleptic characteristics. However, this technique may compromise food safety as the temperature may not be sufficient enough to eliminate pathogens that may be present. The BCCDC’s Guidelines for Restaurant Sous Vide Cooking Safety in British Columbia advises when too many food items are placed in the sous vide water bath, inadequate water circulation may occur with the result that process lethality, measured by calculation of log10 reductions, may not be achieved. The purpose of this study was to determine how overcrowding a sous vide water bath would impact the thermal process of pork loins. Methods: Each pork loin sample had a SmartButton inserted and was vacuum sealed in a plastic bag. The water bath was preheated to 60˚C by an immersion circulator. Under normal conditions, six pork loin samples were held in the water bath for 1 hour and the process was repeated four more times. Under overcrowded conditions, two runs were conducted for 1.5 to 2 hours, each consisting of 15 samples stacked in three layers. SmartButton temperature values were used to calculate whether a 6.5 log10 reduction for Salmonella spp. was achieved, using the American Meat Institute’s formula. Results: Using a 31-minute cook time, pork loins in normal conditions reached an average log reduction of 8.85 (range: 0.51 to 21.07), which was significantly higher than the 6.5 log10 reduction objective (p = 0.006). Conversely, pork loins in overcrowded conditions reached an average log reduction of 1.76 (range: 0.05 to 7.93), which was significantly lower than the 6.5 log10 reduction objective (p = 0.000). Furthermore, cooking lethality between the two conditions, pork loins in crowded and overcrowded conditions, were found to be significantly different from each other (p = 0.000). No differences were found in the mean log10 reductions between the pork loins placed in each of the three layers in an overcrowded water bath at 31 minutes (p = 0.094). Conclusion: Overcrowding sous vide water baths does impact on the thermal process of pork loins. Food products cooked under overcrowded conditions require a longer cook time, (approximately 30 minutes longer) to achieve at least 6.5 log10 reductions. Therefore, it is advised that food handlers using sous vide techniques should avoid overcrowding sous vide water baths. Further research using more samples is recommended to determine potential cold spot patterns in overcrowded water baths due to inadequate water circulation. &nbsp

The chemical and biological effectiveness of bioretention for preventing sublethal and lethal toxicity in coho embryos exposed episodically to urban stormwater runoff during development

Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) includes an evolving set of technologies to mitigate the physical and chemical habitat degradation that results from urban runoff entering aquatic ecosystems. Bioretention is a common GSI approach, used, for example in rain gardens, to infiltrate stormwater runoff into soils prior to or instead of discharging into a water body. Initial research has shown that bioretention is biologically effective for preventing most toxicity from urban runoff exposure, but initial trials used fresh bioretention soil media (BSM) with less than 5 repeated treatments. Does bioretention continue to be biologically effective at preventing toxicity over more treatment events? In two concurrent years, coho embryos were fertilized and reared in heath stacks with flow-through well water until hatch. Episodically through development, embryos were exposed to one of several recirculating treatments for 24-48 h; well water, highway runoff, or highway runoff filtered through bioretention. Each filtration event used the same BSM for a total of 25 events across two years of study. Morphometric and molecular measurements of sublethal toxicity were assessed weekly during the final 7 weeks of each year of the study and survival was assessed by the end of each study. Chemical and biological effectiveness of bioretention filtration will be discussed in the context of this study

Upwelling couples chemical and biological dynamics across the littoral and pelagic zones of Lake Tanganyika, East Africa

We studied the effects of upwelling on nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics in the pelagic and littoral zones of Lake Tanganyika near Kigoma, Tanzania. During the dry season of 2004, a rise in the thermocline and sudden drop in surface water temperatures indicated a substantial upwelling event. Increases in concentrations of nitrate, soluble reactive phosphorus, and silica in the surface waters occurred simultaneously after the temperature drop. Within days, chlorophyll a concentrations increased and remained elevated, while inorganic nutrient concentrations returned to preupwelling levels and organic nutrient concentrations peaked. We observed parallel temporal patterns of water temperature, nutrient concentrations, and phytoplankton chlorophyll in both the pelagic and the littoral zones, demonstrating that upwelling strongly affects the nearshore ecosystem as well as the pelagic zone. Concurrent records from 12 littoral sites indicated spatial variation in the timing, magnitude, and biological response to upwelling. There was no discernable latitudinal pattern in the timing of upwelling, suggesting that mixing did not result from a progressive wave. Our monitoring, as well as other multiyear studies, suggests that dry-season upwelling occurs during most years in northern Lake Tanganyika. The observed sensitivity of littoral nutrients and phytoplankton to upwelling suggests that reductions in upwelling due to global climate change could strongly affect the dynamics of the spectacular nearshore ecosystem of Lake Tanganyika, as has been proposed for the pelagic zone

A Community Intervention: Interprofessional Experiences Addressing Healthy Eating and Physical Activity at Cardinal Wellness

Health Science 302 and 494 are courses that include senior majors completing their final semester of coursework before beginning their internships. The courses seek to highlight the skills necessary to delivery health education programs in a variety of settings, where micro-level (interpersonal interactions) and macro-level (organizational and mass-media) applications are emphasized. Many of the course objectives are achieved in the context of a semester-long group project, where each student is asked to identify a health problem and an appropriate audience, for which they develop a social marketing-driven health campaign. For the past ten years of implementation of the courses, the students have been asked to choose problems that fit within Healthy Campus 2020 objectives, focusing their efforts on problems relevant to college students on Ball State’s campus specifically. However, in reviewing the primary objectives of the course, an understanding of how to tailor strategies and messages to specific diverse populations as well as the importance of advocacy for protection and promotion of the public’s health at all levels of society are often difficult to complete within the boundaries of a college student audience for messages

Integrating Life Cycle and Impact Assessments to Map Food's Cumulative Environmental Footprint

Producing food exerts pressures on the environment. Understanding the location and magnitude of food production is key to reducing the impacts of these pressures on nature and people. In this Perspective, Kuempel et al. outline an approach for integrating life cycle assessment and cumulative impact mapping data and methodologies to map the cumulative environmental pressure of food systems. The approach enables quantification of current and potential future environmental pressures, which are needed to reduce the net impact of feeding humanity. © 2020 The AuthorsFeeding a growing, increasingly affluent population while limiting environmental pressures of food production is a central challenge for society. Understanding the location and magnitude of food production is key to addressing this challenge because pressures vary substantially across food production types. Applying data and models from life cycle assessment with the methodologies for mapping cumulative environmental impacts of human activities (hereafter cumulative impact mapping) provides a powerful approach to spatially map the cumulative environmental pressure of food production in a way that is consistent and comprehensive across food types. However, these methodologies have yet to be combined. By synthesizing life cycle assessment and cumulative impact mapping methodologies, we provide guidance for comprehensively and cumulatively mapping the environmental pressures (e.g., greenhouse gas emissions, spatial occupancy, and freshwater use) associated with food production systems. This spatial approach enables quantification of current and potential future environmental pressures, which is needed for decision makers to create more sustainable food policies and practices. © 2020 The Author