Taxonomic results of the Bryotrop expedition to Zaire and Rwanda : 22., Orthotrichum

Adistinct species easily recognized by the long exserted, narrow cylindric capsules. The peristome has 8 teeth and 8 segments which distinguishes this taxon from the closely related O. firmum. They both belong to the section Leiocarpa within the subgenus Phaneroporum. Species closely related to the two African taxa are common throughout the Southern Hemisphere. Orthotrichum arborescens is an epiphyte reported from Arundinaria alpina, giant Senecio and Philippia. It is an alpine species occuring between 2.500 and 4.000 m altitude. The geographic distribution is restricted to Central East Africa

Innovating out of the Fishmeal Trap: The role of Insect-Based Fish Feed in Consumers’ Preferences for Fish Attributes

The purpose of the study was to examine the potential market impacts of the use of insect-based protein for fish feed as an innovative approach out of the fish-meal trap. An online questionnaire was used to elicit information on fish consumption choices among 610 German consumers using a Discrete Choice Experiment. Mixed logit and latent class logit models were used to model consumers’ preference heterogeneity. Results showed, that consumers’ preferences for fish attributes such as filets, freshness, ecolabelling and domestic production are heterogeneous and important in consumption choices. The minor share of the respondents was sensitive, while the remaining was indifferent regarding the use of insect based protein as feed in trout production. For this sensitive segment, consumption would be expected to be reduced unless the price is reduced or other attributes such as convenience aspects are improved. The implication is that firms can substitute without a significant impact on the market demand given that the majority of consumers are indifferent regarding feed sources for trout production. As a result, it provides an innovative way to ensure sustainable use of resources and reduces the threat of fish meal trap while reducing pressure on the already over-exploited marine life. The results provide first insights into the market impact of using insects in the animal protein value chain. It is important especially with Europe’s recent lift of the ban on using insect-based protein in the animal food industry

The case for offshore wind farms, artificial reefs and sustainable tourism in the French Mediterranean

As the French government strives to achieve their offshore renewable energy target, the impact of offshore wind farms on coastal tourism in the Languedoc Rousillon is now being questioned. To assess this issue, a choice experiment was undertaken to elicit tourist preferences for wind turbines at different distances from the shore. We also examined whether potential visual nuisances may be compensated by wind farm associated reef-recreation or by adopting a coherent environmental policy. The findings indicate that age, nationality, vacation activities and their destination loyalty influence attitudes toward compensatory policies. Two policy recommendations are suggested. First, everything else being equal, wind farms should be located 12 km offshore. Second, and alternatively, a wind farm can be located from 5 km and outwards without a loss in tourism revenues if accompanied by a coherent environmental policy and wind farm associated recreational activities.

The city life of youths in Greenland

Dans la littérature groenlandaise traditionnelle comme chez les critiques de la civilisation moderne, la modernisation et l’urbanisation sont des sources d’aliénation, de misère urbaine et de stress. Pourtant, plus en plus de gens essayent de se rendre dans les grandes villes. Un centre urbain comme Nuuk apparait d’ailleurs comme un modèle de succès. À l’opposé, les petits villages isolés font face à des problèmes insolubles de pauvreté et de désordres sociaux, à cause du chômage et du coût de la vie très élevé. Dans cet article, des jeunes originaires de Nuuk et du petit village est-groenlandais d’Ittoqqortoormiit discutent de la vie urbaine. Les données proviennent de trois projets successifs, CAM I-II-III, réunissant photos et textes de jeunes Groenlandais entre 10 et 20 ans concernant des thèmes comme «mon école», «mes amis», «mes moyens de communication», et «ma ville». L’analyse des données révèle que ces jeunes se présentent en conformité avec les théories urbaines courantes sur les différents styles de vie, soit comme des ruraux appréciant leur tranquillité et les liens sociaux étroits, soit comme des urbains attachés au rythme de vie plus rapide de la ville.In traditional Greenlandic literature as among the critics of modern civilisation, modernisation and urbanisation correspond to alienation, loneliness, urban misery, and stress. On the other hand, more and more people try to get to the big cities. An urban centre like Nuuk seems to be a success. In contrast, the small remote settlements in Greenland continuously face major problems of social disorders and poverty because of extreme living costs and unemployment. In this article, life in the city is discussed through the eyes of youths from Nuuk and the rural East Greenlandic small town of Ittoqqortoormiit. The data come from three succeeding projects, CAM I-II-III, which included photos and texts from young Greenlanders between 10 and 20 years of age regarding themes such as “my school,” “my friends,” “my media,” and “my city.” An analysis of the material produced reveals that the views of these young people fit urban theories concerning life style and behaviour; rural dwellers submitting to a life with close connections and tranquillity opposite to the hectic city dwellers’ life in an urban area

Controlling redundancy in referring expressions

Krahmer et al.’s (2003) graph-based framework provides an elegant and flexible approach to the generation of referring expressions. In this paper, we present the first reported study that systematically investigates how to tune the parameters of the graph-based framework on the basis of a corpus of human-generated descriptions. We focus in particular on replicating the redundant nature of human referring expressions, whereby properties not strictly necessary for identifying a referent are nonetheless included in descriptions. We show how statistics derived from the corpus data can be integrated to boost the framework’s performance over a non-stochastic baseline