Subsurface Hydraulic Studies and Modeling to Support Injection Treatment and Hydraulic Containment at Impacted Coal Combustion Product (CCP) Sites

Subsurface Hydraulic Studies and Modeling to Support Injection Treatment and Hydraulic Containment at Impacted Coal Combustion Product (CCP) Sites Authors Dr. Ali Meyal - United States - Anchor QEA Dr. Jim Redwine - United States - Anchor QEA Mr. Alexander Macbeth - United States - Anchor QEA Mr. Mike Gefell - United States - Anchor QEA Mr. Chuck Pippin - United States - Anchor QEA Abstract In situ injection for remediation of CCP constituents in groundwater could save millions of dollars at CCP sites compared to conventional technologies. Hydraulic containment is also a selected remedy at many CCP sites. Anchor QEA is using aquifer hydraulic characteristics at several CCP sites to evaluate the injectability of bedrock aquifers and using modeling to design an effective in situ treatment pilot test. The evaluation can also be applied to hydraulic containment to assess and design that corrective measure, if needed. Anchor QEA defined potential remediation areas (PRAs) based on sustainable injection rate, injected solution travel time, radius of influence, accessibility, and depth of treatment zone. These elements were determined using hydraulic gradients, bulk hydraulic conductivities, treatment zone interval depths, and fracture porosities. The resulting hydrogeologic conceptual site models are being used to conduct numerical solute transport modeling to evaluate how the flow field and the injection scenarios control contaminant degradation rates at CCP sites, enabling optimum design. The modeling employs various active spreading techniques under different injection scenarios, such as injection locations and sequencing, and using push-pull methods

Ocean cruising: A study of affirmative deviance

Modern day ocean voyaging in private sailing vessels dates back to the turn of the century. Despite this, the present thesis is the first academic study of ocean cruising to be completed of the thousands of people who make ocean voyages only a few hundred are committed to the lifestyle of cruising, that is, see cruising as a whole way of life that they will pursue indefinitely. The thesis first presents an ethnography of the lifestyle of cruising with particular attention to (1) what activities constitute the lifestyle, (2) why people cruise, and (3) what values, attitudes, and characteristics attach to the participants. Second, the thesis relates this ethnography to several theories in sociology and psychology. In sociology, subculture and deviance theories are used to place cruising in the context of the wider scholastic study of society. Pearson (1979) and others are drawn upon in placing cruising in the context of subcultures while the work of Walter Buckley (1967) is used to modify deviance theory to account for the apparently positive nature of the deviance inherent in the cruising lifestyle. In psychology, theories of autotelic rewards, enjoyment, and human satisfaction are used to understand the experience of and motivation to cruise. In addition, theories of personal growth developed by Hampden-Turner (1970) and others are applied to cruisers and their way of life. The thesis concludes that cruisers, as cultural 'heroes', can be seen as affirmative deviants. That is to say, given an humanistic and western individualistic value system their deviance can be seen as contributing to their individual health and growth, and to positive social evolution