Neuregulin 1 confers neuroprotection in SOD1-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice via restoration of C-boutons of spinal motor neurons

Supplementary figures (Figure S1, S2, S3, and S4). (PDF 2135 kb

Research on the Trends and Features of Enterprise Digital Transformation: Based on the WOS Database

In the context of the digital economy, in order to systematically understand the overall characteristics of the digital transformation of Chinese enterprises, this article conducts a statistical analysis of hotspots and trends in this field, which can provide a useful directional reference for subsequent scholars. Using literature statistical methods, processing literature data based on CiteSpace software, using data mining thinking to analyze scientific metrology knowledge graphs, selecting the enterprise digital transformation research papers published in the Web of Science database from 2008 to 2021 as the research object, Analyze the changes in the volume of articles, research institutions, authors, and keywords. The research shows that after 2018, it is a period of rapid development of enterprise digital transformation; paper publishing institutions are mainly concentrated in institutions and universities that are excellent in engineering and management. Most institutions conduct corresponding research independently, but cooperative research is Future trends; five author research communities constitute the main research strength; the research mainly focuses on digital government, intelligent manufacturing, industrial Internet and supply chain management, and has important theoretical reference value for the development of digital transformation of Chinese enterprises

Effectors and Effector Delivery in Magnaporthe oryzae.

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of rice and a model for studying fungal-plant interactions. The fungus penetrates plant cells with appressoria and develops the narrow primary invasive hyphae (IH) and, subsequently, the bulbous secondary IH. As a hemibiotrophic pathogen, biotrophic IH are enclosed in the extra-invasive-hyphal membrane (EIHM) produced by the plant cells [1]. Like many other fungal pathogens [2], M. oryzae secretes effector proteins to manipulate plant immunity and physiology to promote infection

Edge Detection of Concrete Mesostructure Based on DIS Operator

Aggregate edge detection is the basis of creating concrete mesoscale model, which is applied to analyze concrete mesoscale characteristics. A concrete digital image edge detection method using DIS operator is presented in this paper. Mean filter, multi-scale filter, and Gaussian filter are compared on the effect of concrete image noise reduction. Based on the result, Gaussian filter is the most optimum method to reduce image noise and remain aggregate edge distinct. Sobel operator, Laplacian operator, and DIS operator are applied respectively to detect the aggregate edge on Gaussian filter processed images. Based on the experiment, DIS operator outperforms other two operators in the veracity and integrity of edge detection. It is concluded that using Gaussian filter and DIS operator for edge segmentation can provide geometrical models for FEM analysis

The effect of conditional EFNB1 deletion in the T cell compartment on T cell development and function

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Eph kinases are the largest family of cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases. The ligands of Ephs, ephrins (EFNs), are also cell surface molecules. Ephs interact with EFNs transmitting signals in both directions, i.e., from Ephs to EFNs and from EFNs to Ephs. EFNB1 is known to be able to co-stimulate T cells <it>in vitro </it>and to modulate thymocyte development in a model of foetal thymus organ culture. To further understand the role of EFNB1 in T cell immunity, we generated T-cell-specific EFNB1 gene knockout mice to assess T cell development and function in these mice.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mice were of normal size and cellularity in the thymus and spleen and had normal T cell subpopulations in these organs. The bone marrow progenitors from KO mice and WT control mice repopulated host spleen T cell pool to similar extents. The activation and proliferation of KO T cells was comparable to that of control mice. Naïve KO CD4 cells showed an ability to differentiate into Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells similar to control CD4 cells.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggest that the function of EFNB1 in the T cell compartment could be compensated by other members of the EFN family, and that such redundancy safeguards the pivotal roles of EFNB1 in T cell development and function.</p

A Gin4-Like Protein Kinase GIL1 Involvement in Hyphal Growth, Asexual Development, and Pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum

Fusarium graminearum is the main causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat and barley. In a previous study, a GIN4-like protein kinase gene, GIL1, was found to be important for plant infection and sexual reproduction. In this study we further characterized the functions of GIL1 kinase in different developmental processes. The Δgil1 mutants were reduced in growth, conidiation, and virulence, and formed whitish and compact colonies. Although phialide formation was rarely observed in the mutants, deletion of GIL1 resulted in increased hyphal branching and increased tolerance to cell wall and cell membrane stresses. The Δgil1mutants produced straight, elongated conidia lacking of distinct foot cells and being delayed in germination. Compared with the wild type, some compartments in the vegetative hyphae of Δgil1 mutants had longer septal distances and increased number of nuclei, suggesting GIL1 is related to cytokinesis and septation. Localization of the GIL1-GFP fusion proteins to the septum and hyphal branching and fusion sites further supported its roles in septation and branching. Overall, our results indicate that GIL1 plays a role in vegetative growth and plant infection in F. graminearum, and is involved in septation and hyphal branching

Research on Stability Control Based on the Wheel Speed Difference for the AT Vehicles

This paper utilizes a linear two-degree-of-freedom vehicle model to calculate the nominal value of the vehicle’s nondrive-wheel speed difference and investigates methods of estimating the yaw acceleration and sideslip angular speed. A vehicular dynamic stability control system utilizing this nondrive-wheel speed difference is then developed, which can effectively improve a vehicle’s dynamic stability at a very low cost. Vehicle cornering processes on roads of different frictions and with different vehicle speeds are explored via simulation, with speed control being applied when vehicle speed is high enough to make the vehicle unstable. Driving simulator tests of vehicle cornering capacity on roads of different friction coefficients are also conducted