Relationship Between HPV Vaccination and Sexual Activity, Sexual Health Care Utilization, and Perceived Risk

The relationship between sexual activity, sexual health care utilization, and perceived risk for HPV-related outcomes was examined in sample of college women, to explore recent concerns that HPV vaccination may be related to an increase in risky sexual behaviors. Vaccinated and not vaccinated women completed an anonymous, online survey including age of vaccination, age at each sexual partner, condom use, use and intentions to use sexual health care services, and perceptions of risk. Vaccinated women also reported perceptions of change because of vaccination. Women were matched on age, race, and poverty status. Number of partners since vaccination was calculated among the vaccinated women as partners at or after age of vaccination. Number of partners since vaccination for not vaccinated women was calculated using the age of vaccination of the matched pair, to allow comparison across equivalent time intervals. Number of vaginal, oral received, and anal partners were not different for vaccinated and not vaccinated women. Although, after vaccination, women who received the vaccine reported performing oral sex on a larger number of partners than not vaccinated women, the number of vaginal, oral, and anal sex partners for which a condom was not used was not different for vaccinated and not vaccinated women. Therefore, the number of partners from which STI infection was likely was similar for all women. Although use of sexual health care services since vaccination was not different for vaccinated and not vaccinated women, not vaccinated women reported higher intentions to receive a pelvic exam in the next year and a Pap smear in the next three years than vaccinated women. Intentions to receive an STI test in the next year were not different, however. Perceptions of risk for HPV-related outcomes were also not different for vaccinated and not vaccinated women. Among vaccinated women, the majority reported they had not changed their sexual activity, condom use, or use of health care services because of the vaccine. This study indicates that HPV vaccination is not related to greater risky sexual activity but that efforts to increase intentions to use sexual health care services among vaccinated women should be addressed

CHS Priority Planning Tool

Spanning close to 250,000 km in length, the Canadian coastline is the longest in the world. Collecting and managing data that is required by the Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) to produce navigational products for such a vast area can be challenging. Despite CHS products covering the full extent of Canadian waters, gaps in the data persist. To prioritize these gaps, CHS has developed a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tool, the CHS Priority Planning Tool (CPPT). The derived output of the CPPT helps prioritize the areas that pose the highest risk to navigation

The relationships between depression and other outcomes of chronic illness caregiving

BACKGROUND: Many caregivers with chronically ill relatives suffer from depression. However, the relationship of depression to other outcomes of chronic caregiving remains unclear. This study tested a hypothesized model which proposed that hours of care, stressful life events, social support, age and gender would predict caregivers' outcomes through perceived caregiver stress. Depression was expected to mediate the relationship between perceived stress and outcomes of chronic caregiving (physical function, self-esteem, and marital satisfaction). METHODS: The sample for this secondary data analysis consisted of 236 and 271 subjects from the Americans' Changing Lives, Wave 1, 1986, and Wave 2, 1989, data sets. Measures were constructed from the original study. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized model, and an exploratory structural modeling method, specification search, was used to develop a data-derived model. Cross-validation was used to verify the paths among variables. RESULTS: Hours of care, age, and gender predicted caregivers' outcomes directly or through perceived caregiver stress (p < .01). Depression mediated the relationship between perceived stress and psychological outcomes and explained 40% and 11% of the variance in self-esteem and marital satisfaction, respectively. CONCLUSION: Depression predicted psychological outcomes. Whether depression predicts physical health outcomes needs to be further explored

Reform oder Utopie?

Die Besitzlosigkeit bzw. Armut der Priester und der Verzicht der Kirche auf jede politische Herrschaft waren eine der wesentlichsten Forderungen der hussitischen Bewegung und Inhalt des vierten Prager Artikels (1421). Auf dem Konzil zu Basel verteidigte der englische Theologe Peter Payne dieses Programm in einem theologischen Disput gegen den spanischen Kanonisten Juan Palomar. Diese Arbeit analysiert in ihrem Hauptteil die Rede Paynes vor dem Konzil: Ihre Struktur, die verwendete Begrifflichkeit und die Argumentation Paynes. In der Einleitung wird die Quellenlage behandelt: Alle Reden aus Basel wurden vollständig überliefert (die Rede Paynes in einer einzigen Handschrift) und später ediert. Das zweite Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit dem „Egerer Richter“ (1432), in dem die hermeneutischen Grundlagen und die Regeln für den Disput formuliert werden. Im dritten Kapitel wird die Genese des vierten Prager Artikels skizziert: Die Reformstimmung in Böhmen in der zweiten Hälfte des 14. Jahrhunderts, der entscheidende Einfluss des Wyclifismus auf das theologische Denken (nicht nur) an der Prager Universität. Die Positionen von Johannes Wyclif fanden Eingang auch in das theologische Werk von Johannes Hus, der genauso wie Wyclif die Kritik der angeblichen Missstände in der Kirche (die Simonie) mit der Forderung einer umfassenden Kirchenreform (Rückkehr zum Evangelium und zur Praxis der ecclesia primitiva) verbunden hat. Bei der eigentlichen Analyse der Rede Paynes auf dem Konzil (4. Kapitel) wird zunächst auf die wichtigsten Begriffe eingegangen: Die Definitionen und Begrifflichkeiten stammen ursprünglich vor allem aus dem Kontext des sog. theoretischen Armutsstreites (z.B. Wilhelm von Ockham) und Payne adaptiert sie mit Hilfe von Wyclif auf den ganzen Weltklerus. Als für die Diskussion äußerst problematisch erweist sich der Gesetzesbegriff Paynes: Die Heilige Schrift (in ihrem wörtlichen Sinn) soll der höchste Schiedsrichter sein und steht daher über der Kirche. Das Konzil verstand sich dagegen als der höchste Repräsentant der unfehlbaren Kirche, in der die Schrift normativ ausgelegt werden darf bzw. soll. Seine Thesen begründet Payne hauptsächlich mit einigen Stellen aus der Bibel und mit verschiedenen Zitaten der Kirchenväter (vor allem Klemens von Rom, Hieronymus, Augustinus und Bernhard von Clairvaux). Diese werden im 5. Kapitel genauer analysiert und anschließend wird im 6. Kapitel auch die replica von Juan Palomar bzw. ihre Argumentation kurz vorgestellt

Word Accent of the Speakers of the South Bohemian Dialect in Doudleby Area

Katedra českého jazykaPedagogická fakultaFaculty of Educatio

Non-standard stress placement in the dialect of Doudleby. A diachrony perspective.

Cílem této diplomové práce je naznačit vývoj nestandardního přízvukování v doudlebském nářečí napříč čtyřmi generacemi, jelikož se tento nářeční rys jeví jako nejstabilnější a doposud nejživější. Výsledkem výzkumu je zjištění, že se sledovaný nářeční rys u současných mluvčích zachovává spíše u čtyř- a víceslabičných slov (tedy slov dlouhých) než u slov tříslabičných, u kterých již téměř vymizel. Analyzují se promluvy, jež byly nahrány v průběhu 20. a 21. století. Nejstarší zvukový materiál pochází z roku 1929 a nejnovější zvukový materiál byl nahrán přímo pro účely této diplomové práce v roce 2024. Data ke kvantifikaci výskytu sledovaného nářečního rysu jsou získána percepční analýzou výše zmíněného zvukového materiálu, která je však podpořena také instrumentální zvukovou analýzou počítačového programu Praat. V teoretické části práce je vymezen pojem nářečí, přiblížena historie české dialektologie jako vědního oboru, popsána práce na Českém jazykovém atlasu, popsáno rozvržení českých nářečí a charakterizováno sledované nářečí. Vedle toho je v teoretické části popsáno přízvukování ve spisovné češtině, jelikož sledovaný nářeční rys pozorujeme jako odchylku od ortoepické normy, a také je vymezen pojem větný přízvuk, se kterým se sledovaný nářeční rys úzce pojí. Ve výzkumné části diplomové práce je...The aim of this diploma thesis is to indicate the development of non-standard accentuation in the Doudleby dialect across four generations, as this dialect feature appears to be the most stable and actively used. The result of the research is the finding that the monitored dialect feature is preserved among contemporary speakers rather in four- and multi-syllable words (i.e. long words) than in three-syllable words, for which it has almost disappeared. The analyzed features were recorded throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. The oldest matierial is from 1929, while the most recent recording was created in 2024 specifically for the purposes of the thesis. The method used for the data analysis is mainly perceptual, however, in some instances, the results are supported by the system Praat. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the concept of dialect is defined, the history of Czech dialectology as a scientific field is described, the work on the Český jazykový atlas (Czech Language Atlas) is described, the distribution of Czech dialects is described and the monitored dialect is characterised. Beside that, the theoretical part describes accentuation in literary Czech, as the monitored dialectal feature is observed as a deviation from the orthoepic norm, and also defines the concept of sentence...Katedra českého jazykaPedagogická fakultaFaculty of Educatio

Changing practice in dementia care in the community: developing and testing evidence-based interventions, from timely diagnosis to end of life (EVIDEM)

Background Dementia has an enormous impact on the lives of individuals and families, and on health and social services, and this will increase as the population ages. The needs of people with dementia and their carers for information and support are inadequately addressed at all key points in the illness trajectory. Methods The Unit is working specifically on an evaluation of the impact of the Mental Capacity Act 2005, and will develop practice guidance to enhance concordance with the Act. Phase One of the study has involved baseline interviews with practitioners across a wide range of services to establish knowledge and expectations of the Act, and to consider change processes when new policy and legislation are implemented. Findings Phase 1, involving baseline interviews with 115 practitioners, identified variable knowledge and understanding about the principles of the Act. Phase 2 is exploring everyday decision-making by people with memory problems and their carers

Accelerating the Usage of Earth and Oceans Observation Data in Hydrographic Applications

Accessing accurate, up-to-date data to support chart production in Canada’s vast and complex waterways can be challenging. In order to improve efficiency in charting these navigable waters, The Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) has developed new techniques that leverage Satellite Based Earth Observation (EO) data. The main applications developed by CHS include: Satellite Derived Bathymetry (SDB), intertidal zone mapping, extraction of accurate coastlines, change detection/rate of change of coastal features and virtual tidal gauges. The results obtained demonstrate that EO data is a reliable source of Hydrospatial information that can meet the CHS and International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) charting requirements.El acceso a datos precisos y actualizados para apoyar la producción de cartas delas vastas y complejas vías fluviales de Canadá puede ser un desafío. Para mejorar la eficacia al cartografiar estas aguas navegables, el Servicio Hidrográfico Canadiense (CHS) ha desarrollado nuevas técnicas que utilizan datos de la Observación de la Tierra (EO) por satélite. Las principales aplicaciones desarrolladas por el CHS incluyen: Batimetría satelital (SDB), cartografía de zonas inter-mareales, extracción de líneas de costa precisas, detección de cambios/nivel de cambios de características costeras y mareógrafos virtuales. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que los datos de OE son una fuente fidedigna de información hidroespacial que puede cumplir los costeras y mareógrafos virtuales. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que los datos de OE son una fuente fidedigna de información hidroespacial que puede cumplir los requisitos cartográficos del CHS y de la Organización Hidrográfica Internacional (OHI).Accéder à des données exactes et à jour en vue de soutenir la production de cartes dans les vastes et complexes voies navigables du Canada peut représenter un défi. Afin d’améliorer l’efficacité dans la cartographie de ces eaux navigables, le Service hydrographique canadien (SHC) a développé de nouvelles techniques qui exploitent les données d’observation de la Terre (EO) par satellite. Les principales applications développées par le SHC comprennent : la bathymétrie par satellite (SDB), la cartographie de la zone intertidale, l’extraction de lignes de côte précises, la détection des changements/le taux de changement des caractéristiques côtières et les marégraphes virtuels. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les données EO sont une source fiable d’informations hydrospatiales qui peuvent répondre aux exigences en matière de cartographie du SHC et de l’Organisation hydrographique internationale (OHI)

Safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose versus oral iron in patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD: an analysis of the 1-year FIND-CKD trial.

Background: The evidence base regarding the safety of intravenous (IV) iron therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is incomplete and largely based on small studies of relatively short duration. Methods: FIND-CKD (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00994318) was a 1-year, open-label, multicenter, prospective study of patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD, anemia and iron deficiency randomized (1:1:2) to IV ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), targeting higher (400-600 µg/L) or lower (100-200 µg/L) ferritin, or oral iron. A post hoc analysis of adverse event rates per 100 patient-years was performed to assess the safety of FCM versus oral iron over an extended period. Results: The safety population included 616 patients. The incidence of one or more adverse events was 91.0, 100.0 and 105.0 per 100 patient-years in the high ferritin FCM, low ferritin FCM and oral iron groups, respectively. The incidence of adverse events with a suspected relation to study drug was 15.9, 17.8 and 36.7 per 100 patient-years in the three groups; for serious adverse events, the incidence was 28.2, 27.9 and 24.3 per 100 patient-years. The incidence of cardiac disorders and infections was similar between groups. At least one ferritin level ≥800 µg/L occurred in 26.6% of high ferritin FCM patients, with no associated increase in adverse events. No patient with ferritin ≥800 µg/L discontinued the study drug due to adverse events. Estimated glomerular filtration rate remained the stable in all groups. Conclusions: These results further support the conclusion that correction of iron deficiency anemia with IV FCM is safe in patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD