Vertical industrial policy in the EU: an empirical analysis of the effectiveness of state aid

This paper assesses the effectiveness of vertical industrial policies within the European Union. Vertical industrial policy is defined as government support of specific firms or industries ("picking winners" or "supporting losers"). It is measured as state aid granted by Member States to the manufacturing sectors, with the aim to analyse to what extent this government intervention affects the growth of multifactor productivity (MFP) in manufacturing. The analysis is conducted with both sectoral and horizontal aid, since in many cases vertical aid is disguised as aid pursuing horizontal objectives. Controlling for the potential endogeneity of state aid policy, the results indicate that vertical state aid contributes positively to MFP growth.Industrial policy; vertical support; multifactor productivity

Price and Brand Competition between Differentiated Retailers: A Structural Econometric Model

We develop a model of competition between retailer chains with a structural estimation of the demand and supply in the supermarket industry in France. In the model, supermarkets compete in price and brand offer over all food products to attract consumers, in particular through the share of private labels versus national brands across all their products. Private labels can serve as a differentiation tool for the retailers in order to soften price competition. They may affect the marginal costs of all products for the retailer because of eventual quality differences and also by helping retailers to obtain better conditions from their manufacturers. Differentiation is taken into account by estimating a discrete-continuous choice model of demand where outlet choice and total expenditures are determined endogenously. On the supply side, we consider a simultaneous competition game in brand offer and price between retailers to identify marginal costs. After estimation by simulated maximum likelihood, the structural estimates allow to simulate the effect on the equilibrium behavior of retailer chains of a demand shock through an increase in transportation costs for consumers and a merger between two retailer chains.

Saliendo a flote : el cine documental refleja la crisis económica

Las oscarizadas Bowling for Columbine o Inside Job son la prueba de que el género no está muerto. Cintas gestadas para dar respuesta a las incógnitas no desveladas a una sociedad que demanda saber los porqués del momento que les ha tocado vivir y en ocasiones padece

Las regulaciones formales en la dinámica de conformación de la cultura policial : utilizando conceptos de Pierre Bourdieu

Desde la década de 1960 existen estudios criminológicos sobre la institución policial en los cuales se ha definido a la cultura policial como “un conjunto modelado de entendimientos que ayudan a hacer frente y ajustarse a las presiones y tensiones que enfrenta la policía" (Reiner). El interés original se basó en los amplios espacios de discrecionalidad con que cuentan los agentes policiales, y las desviaciones de la ley que esto acarrea. Más allá de la falta de correspondencia absoluta entre las regulaciones legales y el efectivo comportamiento policial, algunos teóricos han puntualizado que las regulaciones formales no resultan totalmente impotentes, que debe analizarse la forma en la que se mesclan con las regulaciones informales y la forma en la que son interpretadas por los agentes (Herbert). Janet Chan propone una reconceptualización de la cultura policial que reconozca la existencia de multiplicidades y atribuya un rol creativo a los agentes, a partir de la utilización del marco teórico de Pierre Bourdieu. A parir de esta propuesta puede intentarse la utilización de los conceptos de habitus, campo y capital para el análisis de la cultura policial y su relación con los marcos normativos formales que regulan la actividad.Fil: Ginés Nabaes Jodar, Santiago. Universidad Nacional del Comahu

Settanta Panini a Roma (1985), de Harald v Uccello. Una aproximació a l'obra de Cesare Pavese a través d'un itinerari cinematogràfic

Resum:Aquest article analitza el film Settanta Panini a Roma (1985), del cineasta austríac Harald v Uccello i investiga les relacions que planteja en la pel·lícula amb el pensament de l’escriptor italià Cesare Pavese a través de les escenes, la composició de les imatges i la construcció d’un itinerari. En l’anàlisi s’aborden diferents aspectes sobre el fet de crear, com l’autoria, la generació de pensament o la interpretació del paisatge. Es posen en diàleg alguns pensaments de Pavese amb les escenes de la pel·lícula, així com s’explora la idea del trajecte en les obres d’ambdós autors que s’hi referencien.Resumen:Settanta Panini a Roma (1985), de Harald v Uccello. Una aproximacióna la obra de Cesare Pavese a través de un itinerario cinematográficoEste artículo analiza el film Settanta Panini a Roma (1985), del cineasta austríaco Harald v Uccello e investiga las relaciones que plantea en la película con el pensamiento del escritor italiano Cesare Pavese a través de las escenas, la composición de las imágenes y la construcción de un itinerario. En el análisis se abordan diferentes aspectos sobre el hecho de crear, como la autoría, la generación de pensamiento o la interpretación del paisaje. Se ponen en diálogo algunos pensamientos de Pavese con las escenas de la película, así como se explora la idea del trayecto en las obras de ambos autores que se referencian en el mismo.Abstract:Settanta Panini a Roma (1985), by Harald v Uccello. An approach to Cesare Pavese’s work through a cinematographic itineraryThis article analyses the film Settanta Panini a Rome (1985), by the Austrian director Harald v Uccello, and investigates the relations posed by the film with the thought of the Italian writer Cesare Pavese, through the scenes, the composition of the images and the construction of a route. The analysis studies different aspects of the fact of creating, aswell as the author, the generation of the thinking and the interpretation of the landscape. The article puts some thoughts of Pavese into dialogue with the scenes of the film, as well as exploring the idea of the path in the works of both authors

Below Investment Grade and above the Law: A Past, Present and Future Look at the Accountability of Credit Rating Agencies

This article covers the evolution of the credit rating industry, in particular, the noteworthy shift from purchaser-subscriber to issuer pay model. It then describes the history of SEC CRA regulatory measures, most notably the adoption of SEC Rule 436(g), adopted in 1982, which specifically eliminated liability for the big CRAs (Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s, Fitch’s and Duff and Phelps) as “experts” under Sections 7 and 11 of the Securities Act of 1933. The article then covers the Credit Rating Agency Reform Act of 2006 and the adoption of SEC Rule 17g-5 in an attempt to control conflicts of interest within CRAs. We next turn to the freedom of speech as a defense effectively used by CRAs, although the United States Supreme Court has yet to address this issue directly. The thrust of the CRAs’ argument is that their ratings are simply their expression of their opinion, akin to a review of a restaurant or editorial column. There is much irony in this as many regulated financial players, such as banks and insurance companies, are required to comply with governmental rules that mandate them to invest in “investment grade securities” a “blessing” conferred only by the privately owned CRAs.We then dissect provisions regarding CRAs in the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, which among many other things, reads “Rule 436(g), promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933 shall have no force or effect.” As the reader will see, this provision has not been enforced by the SEC in what could only be seen as a game of hard ball wherein the CRAs won notwithstanding the Act. For completeness, we then turn to the European approach of CRA regulation, including the creation of the European Securities and Markets Authority in January, 2011.We conclude by suggesting, at a minimum, that CRAs be subject to accountability and that some formal, financially neutral body conduct a periodic assessment rating the performance of the CRAs

Transferència d'embrions en èquids

Treball presentat a l'assignatura de Deontologia i Veterinària Legal (21223