HID-1 controls formation of large dense core vesicles by influencing cargo sorting and trans-Golgi network acidification

Large dense core vesicles (LDCVs) mediate the regulated release of neuropeptides and peptide hormones. They form at the trans-Golgi network (TGN), where their soluble content aggregates to form a dense core, but the mechanisms controlling biogenesis are still not completely understood. Recent studies have implicated the peripheral membrane protein HID-1 in neuropeptide sorting and insulin secretion. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we generated HID-1 KO rat neuroendocrine cells, and we show that the absence of HID-1 results in specific defects in peptide hormone and monoamine storage and regulated secretion. Loss of HID-1 causes a reduction in the number of LDCVs and affects their morphology and biochemical properties, due to impaired cargo sorting and dense core formation. HID-1 KO cells also exhibit defects in TGN acidification together with mislocalization of the Golgi-enriched vacuolar H+-ATPase subunit isoform a2. We propose that HID-1 influences early steps in LDCV formation by controlling dense core formation at the TGN.</jats:p

A single transcription factor is sufficient to induce and maintain secretory cell architecture

We hypothesized that basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) MIST1 (BHLHA15) is a “scaling factor” that universally establishes secretory morphology in cells that perform regulated secretion. Here, we show that targeted deletion of MIST1 caused dismantling of the secretory apparatus of diverse exocrine cells. Parietal cells (PCs), whose function is to pump acid into the stomach, normally lack MIST1 and do not perform regulated secretion. Forced expression of MIST1 in PCs caused them to expand their apical cytoplasm, rearrange mitochondrial/lysosome trafficking, and generate large secretory granules. Mist1 induced a cohort of genes regulated by MIST1 in multiple organs but did not affect PC function. MIST1 bound CATATG/CAGCTG E boxes in the first intron of genes that regulate autophagosome/lysosomal degradation, mitochondrial trafficking, and amino acid metabolism. Similar alterations in cell architecture and gene expression were also caused by ectopically inducing MIST1 in vivo in hepatocytes. Thus, MIST1 is a scaling factor necessary and sufficient by itself to induce and maintain secretory cell architecture. Our results indicate that, whereas mature cell types in each organ may have unique developmental origins, cells performing similar physiological functions throughout the body share similar transcription factor-mediated architectural “blueprints.

A holistic self-identity model

Parents, educators, business leaders, political leaders, and mental health professionals all appreciate the impact positive self-esteem has on a person\u27s ability to strive and grow. Self-esteem is a complex, multifaceted component of human existence. It is possible to identify and observe the result of a healthy self-esteem or even the outcome of a damaged self-esteem, but the term self-esteem may be antiquated and no longer exemplary of a complete picture of self. This paper examines research and attempts to define a multi-dimensional model of self-esteem, a Holistic Self-Identity Model, which will help to bring into focus the concept of self-identity and its relationship with human development

Who We Are and How We Vote: Individual Difference Factors in Politics

The current research focuses on the relationships between individual differences and political preferences, particularly conservatism as measured by the Social and Economic Conservatism Scale (Everett, 2013). I conducted a survey using the crowdsourcing platform Mechanical Turk that assessed individuals in terms of demographics, the Big Five Aspect Scales, Moral Foundations, Social Dominance Orientation, Right Wing Authoritarianism, and opinions about the 2016 presidential candidates (Hillary Clinton & Donald Trump). Through hierarchical multiple regression, I was able to find correlations among openness to experience (-) and conscientiousness (+) with conservatism in terms of the Big Five. I found that binding moral foundations (authority/respect, ingroup/loyalty, purity/sanctity) predicted conservatism, while individualizing moral foundations (harm/care, fairness/reciprocity) were negatively correlated. RWA and SDO were among the strongest predictors of conservatism. Finally, positive perceptions of Donald Trump predicted conservatism at the end of the HMR. Overall, a detailed profile of conservative individuals emerged, allowing a glimpse into the fundamental differences between conservatives and liberals

The influence of modern work methods on gender equality in German society

This thesis analyses the influence of modern working methods on women in Germany. In the context of current studies on gender equality, it is clear that the implementation of this human right will not be achieved in the foreseeable future. This thesis introduces the "Capability Approach" according to Armataya Sen and develops indicators which are operationalised in a questionnaire. This paper concludes with an analysis of the data and inclusion of relevant literature. This thesis arrives at the conclusion that in Germany modern working methods alone will not achieve equality, but that a societal transformation is called for

Collegiate Drug Use: Knowledge, Perceptions, and Behaviors

PsychologyMaster of Arts (M.A.

Thermal processing in powder metallurgy. Metal injection moulding and binder jetted metal 3D printing.

The powder metallurgy (PM) industry is based on the efficient use of material in powder form to produce products. The main process method is press and sinter, the powders are pressed into simple shapes before being heated to just below melting temperature to allow the powders to fuse together (sinter) and form a solid part. This is the process used to make cutting tool inserts and form the ceramic insulator of spark plugs. Two PM processes being used to produce products with far greater shape complexity are metal injection moulding (MIM) and binder jetted metal 3D printing. MIM uses injection moulding machinery from the plastics industry to mould the powder into shape, from here the powder form is sintered in a furnace to form the solid part. Binder jetting uses the 3D printing process to binder powders together and build the powder shape, the shape is then sintered in a furnace to form the finished part

A social ecological analysis of physical activity promotion for overweight and normal weight youth

Introduction. The psychosocial correlates of youth physical activity have not been well scrutinized in the context of the relatively new phenomenon of an increased prevalence of overweight among youth. The purpose of the examination of unique subpopulations (rural vs. urban; overweight vs. normal overweight) within a psychosocial and social ecological framework, was to enhance the theoretical basis for designing improved physical activity interventions for youth. Methods. Data were from a large cohort of Iowa youth, ages 9--11 and 14--18 years (N = 2,862). Physical fitness, body composition, height and weight were assessed. Students completed a physical activity questionnaire, the Childrens\u27 Physical Activity Correlates Survey and the Children and Youth Physical Self-Perception Profile (CY-PSPP). The Youth Physical Activity Promotion model (Welk, 1999) was used as a framework to examine physical, social ecological, enabling, predisposing, and reinforcing influences on youth physical activity. Results. Prevalence of overweight was higher among rural children (25%; p \u3c .001) than children from more urban areas (18%). Among girls, being overweight was associated with reduced global self-esteem, attraction to physical activity, and parental influence. Perceived physical activity competence did not vary appreciably by weight status, except for among adolescent girls. The largest differences between overweight and normal weight youth were lower physical self-perceptions of adolescent girls and boys (Cohens\u27 d = 0.74--1.16). The Youth Physical Activity Promotion model showed good fit to the data and provided parsimony in the evaluation of physical activity while still accounting for a significant amount of variance in physical activity (R2 = .33). Within the model, BMI showed a very small direct effect on physical activity, but did not show effects on the correlates of physical activity. Conclusions . The largest differences in psychosocial correlates of physical activity associated with weight category were in physical self-perceptions, yet BMI showed minimal influence on a model of youth physical activity promotion. The results suggest that parental reinforcement, perceived competence, and attraction to physical activity should be promoted for both overweight and normal weight youth