A correction framework for improving the robustness of motor vehicle registration data

An important key to reducing the environmental impact of motor vehicles is to identify those in-services vehicles which are likely to excessively contribute to air pollution. Such an assessment is dependent on quantifying vehicle scrappage which, in turn, relies upon the provision of temporally consistent motor vehicle registration data. There exist a number of issues that adversely impact on the temporal accuracy of motor vehicle registration data. This paper identifies these issues and proposes a cost effective correction framework for motor vehicle registration time series data. An application to Australian data demonstrated the efficacy of the framework, identifying the need to introduce an additional vehicle category into the data, adjusting annual vehicle counts and removing the erroneous incidence of the number of vehicles of a particular vintage increasing substantially beyond two years after the year of manufacture

A case study in data audit and modelling methodology--Australia

The purpose of the paper is to outline a rigorous, spatially consistent and cost-effective transport planning tool that projects travel demand, energy and emissions for all modes associated with domestic and international transport. The planning tool (AuseTran) is a multi-modal, multi-fuel and multi-regional macroeconomic and demographic-based computational model of the Australian transport sector that overcomes some of the gaps associated with existing strategic level transport emission models. The paper also identifies a number of key data issues that need to be resolved prior to model development with particular reference to the Australian environment. The strategic model structure endogenously derives transport demand, energy and emissions by jurisdiction, vehicle type, emission type and transport service for both freight and passenger transport. Importantly, the analytical framework delineates the national transport task, energy consumed and emissions according to region, state/territory of origin and jurisdictional protocols, provides an audit mechanism for the evaluation of the methodological framework, integrates a mathematical protocol to derive time series FFC emission factors and allows for the impact of non-registered road vehicles on transport, fuel and emissions.Transport demand Energy consumption Modelling

A Positive Theory of Private Label: A Strategic Role of Private Label in a Duopoly National-Brand Market

This article offers an economic rationale for national brands to provide private labels to their retailers. We build a game-theoretic model that analyzes the interactions among two national brand manufacturers and one common retailer. In an interesting strategic role, the private label mitigates the promotion competition between the two national brands and provides benefits for all three members in the channel. Our analysis shows that offering a private label can be a credible commitment from a national brand manufacturer that it will not engage in promotions and decrease the incentive of the national brand rival to engage in promotions. In this way, we attempt to provide a reason for why national brand manufacturers provide retailers with private labels in practice. In addition, we discuss the optimal quality level of private labels. Copyright Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2005private label, store brand, competition, channel, common retailer,